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Twaron (a brand name of Teijin Aramid) is a para-aramid. It is a heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibre developed in the early 1970s by the Dutch company AKZO, division ENKA, later Akzo Industrial Fibers. The research name of the para-aramid fibre was originally Fiber X, but it was soon called Arenka. Although the Dutch para-aramid fiber was developed only a little later than DuPont's Kevlar, introduction of Twaron as a commercial product came much later than Kevlar due to financial problems at the AKZO company in the 1970s. ==History== This is a chronology of the development of Twaron: * In 1960s a research program starts for "Fiber X." * In 1972 the ENKA Research laboratory develops a para-aramid called Arenka. * In 1973 Akzo decides to use sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a solvent for spinning. * In 1974 New process route was found at Akzo Research laboratory, using N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) with a co-solvent (auxiliary solvent) with an ionic component (Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) to occupy the hydrogen bonds of the amide groups in order to dissolve the aromatic polymer. * In 1976 a pilot plant is built. * In 1977 first production starts. * In 1984 the product is renamed Twaron. * In 1986 commercial production is started at five locations and nine plants. * In 1987 Twaron is introduced as a commercial product. * In 1989 the aramid business of Akzo becomes an independent Business Unit called Twaron BV. * Since 2000 Twaron BV is owned by the Teijin Group, now called Teijin Twaron BV and based in Arnhem, The Netherlands. The main production facilities for Twaron are in Emmen and Delfzijl. * In 2007 Teijin Twaron expands for the fourth time in six years and also changes its name into Teijin Aramid. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Twaron」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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