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Types of rape
Rape can be categorized in different ways: for example, by reference to the situation in which it occurs, by the identity or characteristics of the victim, and by the identity or characteristics of the perpetrator. These categories are referred to as types of rape. The types of rape described below are not mutually exclusive: a given rape can fit into multiple categories, by for example by being both a prison rape and a gang rape, or both a custodial rape and the rape of a child.
In 1993, American researcher Patricia Rozee created the following classification of rapes: marital rape (rape by a spouse); exchange rape (rape occurring as the result of bargaining or solidarity-displaying among men); punitive rape (rape used to punish or discipline); theft rape (rape that happens when a woman is abducted, in most cases to be used as a slave or a prostitute); ceremonial rape (rape involving defloration rituals); and status rape (rape resulting from differences in hierarchy or social class).
==Date rape==
(詳細はacquaintance rape, which is a non-domestic rape committed by someone who knows the victim,〔Humphreys, Terence Patrick (1993). ''(Gender differences in the perception of rape: The role of ambiguity )'' (M.A. thesis) Wilfrid Laurier University〕 and drug facilitated sexual assault (DFSA), where the rapist intentionally drugs the victim with a date rape drug so that they are incapacitated. Acquaintance rape constitutes the vast majority of reported rapes, while DFSA is infrequent. A frequently overlapping category is ''incapacitated rape,'' where the victim is incapacitated and unable to give consent – this is often the result of intoxication, but can also simply be because the victim is asleep or has a medical condition. DFSA is when the rapist intentionally incapacitates the victim via drugs, while acquaintance rape can occur when the victim is not incapacitated.
Acquaintance rape can occur between two people who know one another usually in social situations, between people who are dating as a couple and have had consensual sex in the past, between two people who are starting to date, between people who are just friends, and between acquaintances. They include rapes of co-workers, schoolmates, family, friends, teachers and other acquaintances, providing they are dating;〔(Cambridge Police 97 crime report )〕 it is sometimes referred to as "hidden rape" and has been identified as a growing problem in western society.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Perspectives on Acquaintance Rape )〕 A college survey conducted by the United States' National Victim Center reported that one in four college women have been raped or experienced attempted rape. This report indicates that young women are at considerable risk of becoming a victim of date rape while in college. In addition, there have been reported incidents of colleges questioning accounts of alleged victims, further complicating documentation and policing of student assaults, despite such preventative legislation as the Clery Act.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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