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Typhon (; (ギリシア語:Τυφῶν), ''Tuphōn'' (:typʰɔ̂ːn)), also Typhoeus (; , ''Tuphōeus''), Typhaon (, ''Tuphaōn'') or Typhos (, ''Tuphōs''), was the most fearsome monster of Greek mythology. The last son of Gaia, fathered by Tartarus, Typhon was, with his mate Echidna, the father of many famous monsters. ==Birth== According to Hesiod's ''Theogony'' (c. 8th – 7th century BC), Typhon was the son of Gaia (Earth) and Tartarus: "when Zeus had driven the Titans from heaven, huge Earth bore her youngest child Typhoeus of the love of Tartarus, by the aid of golden Aphrodite".〔Hesiod,''Theogony'' (820–822 ). Apollodorus, (1.6.3 ), and Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' (Preface ) also have Typhon as the offspring of Gaia and Tartarus, however Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' (152 ) has Typhon the offspring of Tartarus and Tartara.〕 The mythographer Apollodorus (1st or 2nd century AD) adds that Gaia bore Typhon in anger at the gods for their destruction of her offspring the Giants.〔Apollodorus, (1.6.3 ).〕 Numerous other sources mention Typhon as being the offspring of Gaia, or simply "earth-born", with no mention of Tartarus.〔Aeschylus, ''Seven Against Thebes'' (522–523 ); Aeschylus (?), ''Prometheus Bound '' (353 ); Antoninus Liberalis (28 ); Virgil, ''Georgics'' (1. 278–279 ); Ovid, ''Metamorphoses'' (321–331 ); Nonnus, ''Dionysiaca'' (1.154–155 (I pp. 14–15) ).〕 However, according to the ''Homeric Hymn to Apollo'' (6th century BC), Typhon was the child of Hera alone. Hera, angry at Zeus for having given birth to Athena by himself, prayed to Gaia to give her a son as strong as Zeus, then slapped the ground, and became pregnant.〔''Homeric Hymn to Apollo'' (306–348 ). Stesichorus, Fragment 239 (Campbell, (pp. 166–167 )) also has Hera produce Typhon alone to "spite Zeus".〕 Hera gave the infant Typhon to the serpent Python to raise, and Typhon grew up to become a great bane to mortals.〔Gantz, p. 49, remarks on the strangeness of such a description for one who would challenge the gods.〕 Several sources locate Typhon's birth and dwelling place in Cilicia, and in particular the region in the vicinity of the ancient Cilician coastal city of Corycus (modern Kızkalesi, Turkey). The poet Pindar (c. 470 BC) calls Typhon '"Cilician",〔Pindar, ''Pythian'' (8.15–16 ).〕 and says that Typhon was born in Cilicia and nurtured in "the famous Cilician cave",〔Pindar, ''Pythian'' (1.15–17 ).〕 an apparent allusion to the Corycian cave.〔Fontenrose, (pp. 72–73 ); West 1966, pp. 250–251 line 304 εἰν Ἀρίμοισιν.〕 In Aeschylus' ''Prometheus Bound'', Typhon is called the "dweller of the Cilician caves",〔Aeschylus (?), ''Prometheus Bound'' (353–356 ); Gantz, p. 49.〕 and both Apollodorus and the poet Nonnus (4th or 5th century AD) have Typhon born in Cilicia.〔Apollodorus, (1.6.3 ); Nonnus, ''Dionysiaca'' (1.140. (I pp. 12–13) ), (1.154. (I pp. 14–15) ), (1.258–260 (I pp. 20–23) ), (1.321 (I pp. 26–27) ), (2.35 (I pp. 46–47) ), (2.631 ff. (I pp. 90–91) ).〕 The b scholia to ''Iliad'' 2.783, preserving a possible Orphic tradition, has Typhon born in Cilicia, as the offspring of Cronus. Gaia, angry at the destruction of the Giants, slanders Zeus to Hera. So Hera goes to Zeus' father Cronus (whom Zeus had overthrown) and Cronus gives Hera two eggs smeared with his own semen, telling her to bury them, and that from them would be born one who would overthrow Zeus. Hera, angry at Zeus, buries the eggs in Cilicia "under Arimon", but when Typhon is born Hera, now reconciled with Zeus, informs him.〔Kirk, Raven, and Schofield. (pp. 59–60 no. 52 ); Ogden 2013b, (pp. 36–38 ); Gantz, pp. 50–51, Ogden 2013a, (p. 76 n. 46 ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Typhon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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