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Tzadik
Tzadik/Zadik/Sadiq (:tsaˈdik) ((ヘブライ語:צדיק), "righteous one", pl. ''tzadikim'' (:tsadiˈkim) צדיקים ''ṣadiqim'') is a title in Judaism given to people considered righteous, such as Biblical figures and later spiritual masters. The root of the word ''ṣadiq'', is ''ṣ-d-q'' (צדק ''tzedek''), which means "justice" or "righteousness", also the root of tzedakah ('charity', literally 'righteousness'). The feminine term for a righteous person is ''tzadeikas''.
The term ''tzadik'' "righteous", and its associated meanings, developed in Rabbinic thought from its Talmudic contrast with ''hasid'' ("pious" honorific), to its exploration in Ethical literature, and its esoteric spiritualisation in Kabbalah. In Hasidic Judaism, the institution of the tzadik assumed central importance, combining former elite mysticism with social movement for the first time.〔''The Zaddik: The Interrelationship between religious Doctrine and Social Organization'' by Immanuel Etkes, in ''Hasidism Reappraised'' edited by Ada Rapoport-Albert, Littman.〕 Adapting former Kabbalistic theosophical terminology, Hasidic thought internalised mystical experience, emphasising deveikut attachment to its Rebbe leadership, who embody and channel the Divine flow of blessing to the world.〔''God and the Zaddik as the two focal points of Hasidic worship'' Ada Rapoport-Albert, in ''Essential Papers on Hasidism'' edited by Gershon Hundert, NYU Press 1991〕
==Etymology==
Arabic ''ṣādiq'' (صادق) and Ethiopic ''Tsaddəq'' (ጻድቅ), are cognates with similar meaning. The title of Voltaire's satirical novel Zadig also stems from this root. ''Ṣedeq'' "Righteousness" in Canaanite religion may have been an epithet of a god of the Jebusites.〔Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, s.v. ""Sedeq", Melchizedek".〕 The Hebrew word appears in the biblical names Melchizedek, Adonizedek, and Zadok, the high priest of David.
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