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Uchiwa-e
Uchiwa-e are a genre of Japanese ''ukiyo-e'' woodblock print, which appear on rigid, paddle-shaped hand fans known as ''uchiwa'' (団扇). Ovoid images matching the outline of ''uchiwa'' were printed on rectangular sheets of ''washi'' rice paper, then cut along the margins and pasted onto a skeletal bamboo frame.〔Bell 2004, xiv〕〔Marks 2010, 14〕
==''Uchiwa'' characteristics==
Unlike folding hand fans, which originated in Japan in the sixth or seventh century,〔Halsey and Friedman 1983, 556〕 non-folding flat, oval or "bean-shaped"〔Newland 2005, 431〕 ''uchiwa'' were a Chinese import. In terms of popular usage, ''uchiwa'' had a close connection with Edo urban culture which gained momentum during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Folding fans, known as ''ōgi'' (扇), ''suehiro'' (末広) or ''sensu'' (扇子), remained the dominant accessory within the realm of the sophisticated court culture prevailing in Kyoto at the time.
Historically, ''uchiwa'' were an ostensibly feminine accessory, with men more typically carrying folding fans.〔Salter 2006, 25〕〔http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/cgi-bin/wwwjdic.cgi?1F〕 They were simultaneously fashion accessories and functional items for daily use.〔Newland 2005, 431〕 They are strongly associated with summer, having been sold only during the summer months, and often decorated with summer imagery.〔Salter 2006, 25〕 At least one critic argues that, due to their use by women during periods of intense heat, ''uchiwa'' "can have suggestive connotations."〔Salter 2006, 79〕
''Uchiwa'' are used by many today as devices for personal cooling, as well as for fanning rice to cool it in the preparation of sushi. More ceremonially, they can still be seen in a number of contexts, including a variety of summer dance performances and as an accessory carried by referees during sumo matches.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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