|
Ukko,〔(Dictionary of Nature Myths: Legends of the Earth, Sea, and Sky - Page 214 ) ISBN 0-19-513677-2〕 or Äijä or Äijö (Finnish: ''male grandparent'', ''old man''), parallel in Estonian mythology to Uku,〔(Uku @ The Esthonian Review from the University of California )〕 is the god of the sky, weather, harvest and thunder in Finnish mythology. The Finnish word for thunder, Ukkonen, is the diminutive form of the name ''Ukko''.〔Compare to English ''thunder'' (< Old English ''þunor'') and German ''donner'' (< Old High German ''donar'') both derived from Proto-Germanic '' *þunraz'' and originally synonymic with appellations of the thunder god.〕 〔In Finnish, diminutive formations do not carry the same pejorative or belittling connotations they do in some other languages, e.g. Latin.〕 Ukko is sometimes equated with Perkele, and some hold ''Perkele'' to be the original personal name of Ukko with the name Ukko being an euphemism. Ukko is held the most significant god of Finnish mythology, although it is disputed by scholars whether this is accountable to later Christian influence. In the folk poems and prayers he is also given the epithet ''Ylijumala'' (English: ''Overgod''), probably in reference to his status as the most highly regarded god and on the other hand his traditional domain in the heavens. Other names for Ukko include ''Pitkänen'' (''pitkä'', "long"), ''Isäinen'' (''isä'', "father"), ''Isoinen'' (''iso'', archaic form of the above, modern meaning "great"). Although portrayed active in myth, Ukko makes all his appearances in legend solely by natural phenomena when appealed to. According to Haavio, the name Ukko was sometimes used as a common noun or generalised epithet for multiple deities instead of denoting a specific god. ==Origins== It is likely that the figure of Ukko is mostly Indo-European, possibly Baltic, in origin. Ukko is held by researchers of religion to be parallel to Indo-European patriarchal sky deities, for example to Zeus and Jupiter of the Classical Greco-Roman pantheon and the Norse god Thor. Tuuri, a Germanic loan and cognate of Thor, was possibly an alternate name for Ukko. Tuuri is rarely encountered in Finnish mythology, and had been relegated to the mere role of deity of harvest and success. It is possible that when Ukko took the position of the preceding sky god Ilmarinen, Ilmarinen's destiny was to become a mortal smith-hero. Stories tell about Ilmarinen vaulting the sky-dome. Whether Ilmarinen was an earlier, assumably Uralic sky deity is regardless highly questionable. Some researchers hold Ilmarinen and Ukko equivalent. The Sami worshipped a similar deity, called Aijeke, probably as result of cultural cross-contamination or common origin. The god was equated with Horagalles. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ukko」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|