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Ulanhu (1906 – December 8, 1988), also known as Yunze, was the founding Chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, serving from 1947 to 1966. Ulanhu had the nickname of "Mongolian Khan" during his political career. He served as Vice-Premier between 1956 and 1966. He was eventually purged during the Cultural Revolution but later reinstated. Between 1983 and 1988 he held the office of Vice President of the People's Republic of China. ==Career== Born in Tumed Left Banner, just outside of the city of Hohhot, Ulanhu was the child of herders. He went to elementary school in his hometown, and went on to study at the Mongolian-Tibetan College of Beiping (now Beijing). He joined the Socialist League of China (later renamed Communist Youth League) in 1924, intending to become communist revolutionary. In 1925, he joined the Communist Party of China and was sent to Moscow Sun Yat-sen University in the Soviet Union to study Marxism. In Moscow, Ulanhu shared a desk with Chiang Ching-kuo, the son of Chiang Kai-shek. In 1929, when he returned from his studies, Ulanhu began organizing communist rallies in Mongolia, and was appointed a Committee Member of the CPC's West-Mongolia Working Committee. In 1931, Ulanhu was chosen to run the military and intelligence offices in Mongolia, serving in Ikh Juu League (now the city of Ordos). During the Second World War, Ulanhu led his forces to stop the Japanese from advancing towards Hohhot and led his officers to march to northern Shaanxi where he continued battling against the Japanese forces. In August 1941, he arrived at the revolutionary base of Yan'an to work on ethnic affairs. During the Chinese Civil War, Ulanhu was one of the commanders of the Pingjin Campaign and the Liaoshen Campaign, he also led his Communist forces to destroy the local bandits and anti-communist forces in Mongolia. Ulanhu was instrumental in bringing Inner Mongolia under the control of the Communist Party of China and was elected the Acting Governor and founding Chairman of the Autonomous Government of Inner Mongolia in 1947. Inner Mongolia was the first of five recognized autonomous regions in China. In September 1954, Ulanhu was named Vice-Premier, ranking eighth. In 1955, was awarded the rank of General (''shang jiang''), becoming one of only 57 generals bestowed the honour of being a "founding general" of the People's Republic. He served as Communist Party Secretary and chairman of Inner Mongolia from the region's founding to 1966. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, zealous red guard organizations attempted to storm the Inner Mongolia government headquarters; Ulanhu used troops at his disposal to repel them, only to be later undone by military forces sent in by leftist leaders in Beijing, which ousted him from office. He was accused of "ruling Inner Mongolia like an independent kingdom",〔 and persecuted as a suspected member of the independence-leaning Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, a charge later proven to be false. However, while he a target for struggle, Ulanhu survived the Cultural Revolution without enduring some of the more severe physical hardships inflicted upon some of his colleagues, largely owing to the support of Premier Zhou Enlai. Ulanhu was politically rehabilitated in 1973, prior to the 10th Party Congress, with the personal blessing of Mao Zedong. In 1977, Ulanhu became head of the United Front Department of the central organization of the CPC. Among various other posts, he served one term as Vice President of the People's Republic of China under President Li Xiannian from 1983 to 1988. Upon completion of the term as Vice-President, he was elected Vice-Chairman of the National People's Congress. He died shortly thereafter in 1988 after an illness. He was eulogized with high honours by the ruling Communist Party. In 1992, the Ulanhu Memorial Hall was opened to the public in Hohhot, dedicated to the memory of Ulanhu. His ''Selected Works'' were published in 1999 at a dedication ceremony attended by President Jiang Zemin.〔(新华网资料：乌兰夫 )〕 In December 2006 the Communist Party held a high-profile conference to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Ulanhu's birth. In 2007, the historic epic ''Spring Comes Early to the Grasslands'' aired on China Central Television, and depicted some of Ulanhu's activities during the revolution. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ulanhu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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