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Umbau-Wagen
The Umbau-Wagen or Umbauwagen was a type of German railway passenger coach operated by the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) which appeared in the mid-1950s. The name means "rebuild coach" and they were made by rebuilding or converting former state railway (''Länderbahn'') compartment coaches, many of which were over 30 years old.
== Origins ==
After the Second World War, the DB, like the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) in East Germany, had a serious deficit of stock as well as a very aged fleet of coaches, a situation which lasted into the 1960s. In the 1950s the bulk of the fleet for local and ''Eilzug'' (semi-fast) trains was still made up of 22,345 four-, six- and eight-wheeled compartment and open coaches of the former Prussian and Bavarian classes from the period before and after the First World War. The few city coaches bought for ''Eilzug'' services at the beginning of the 1950s were nowhere near enough to replace and modernise the very outdated stock of passenger coaches and which was also costing considerably more to maintain. The levels of steel production and that of other raw materials of the newly formed Federal Republic did not permit a full replacement of the fleet in those days. Like the DR in the 1960s the DB was forced as early as 1953 to carry out a modernisation of pre-war coaches - plainly and simply called an ''Umbau'' or ''rebuild''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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