|
〔 Umma (modern ''Umm al-Aqarib'', Dhi Qar Province in Iraq) was an ancient city in Sumer. There is some scholarly debate about the Sumerian and Akkadian names for this site. 〔W. G. Lambert, The Names of Umma, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 75-80, 1990〕 Until recently Umma was identified with Tell Jokha, less than 7 km to its northwest.〔Trevor Bryce, ''The Routledge Handbook of The Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the fall of the Persian Empire'', Routledge, 2009, 738-739.〕 ==History== In the early Sumerian text ''Inanna's descent to the netherworld'', Inanna dissuades demons from the netherworld from taking Shara, patron of Umma, who was living in squalor. They eventually take Dumuzid king of Uruk instead, who lived in palatial opulence.〔(Inanna's descent to the netherworld - ETCSL )〕 Best known for its long frontier conflict with Lagash,〔Jerrold S. Cooper, History from Ancient Inscriptions: The Lagash-Umma Border Conflict, Undena, 1983, ISBN 0-89003-059-6〕 the city reached its zenith ca. 2275 BC, under the rule of Lugal-Zage-Si, who also controlled Ur and Uruk. Under the Ur III dynasty, Umma became an important provincial center. Most of the over 30,000 cuneiform tablets recovered from the site are administrative and economic texts from that time. They permit an excellent insight into provincial affairs in Umma.〔P. A. Parr, A Letter of Ur-Lisi: Governor of Umma, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 135-136, 1972〕 The Umma calendar of Shulgi (ca. 21st century BC) is the immediate predecessor of the later Babylonian calendar, and indirectly of the post-exilic Hebrew calendar. Umma appears to have been abandoned after the Middle Bronze Age.〔Trevor Bryce, ''The Routledge Handbook of The Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the fall of the Persian Empire'', Routledge, 2009, 738-739.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Umma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|