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Aleut
The Aleut people () ((ロシア語:Алеу́ты)), also referred to as the "Unangan", are the indigenous people of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, United States and Kamchatka Krai, Russia.
==Name==
According to Georgy A. Menovshchikov (Г. А. Меновщиков), the name Aleut comes from the Aleut word ''allíthuh'', meaning "community."〔According to G. Menovshchikov; quoted in 〕 According to American historian and ethnologist Hubert Howe Bancroft and later Edward J. Vajda, the term ''Aleut'' (Rus. алеут) was brought by the Russians, probably by extending the Kamchatka village name of ''Alyut'' eastward (the Koryaks who lived there, called Alyutor (own name ''alutal'u'', Rus. алюторцы), were marine hunters like the Aleuts).〔The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, Volume XXXIII: History of Alaska 1730-1885. San Francisco, 1886 (p. 106)〕〔Edward J. Vajda, (The Aleut )〕 A regional self-denomination is (unicode:Unangax̂), Unangan or Unanga, Russian fur traders gave the name Aleut to the Unangan in the mid-18th century.〔() 〕 This term was adopted by other Europeans who learned from the Russians. The Unangan Aleuts are not to be confused with the Alutiiq (Sugpiaq), a nearby Southern Yupik group, who were also referred to as "Aleuts" by the Russians, and are still often called thus today.
Ivan Veniaminov lived amongst the indigenous people of the Fox Islands in Alaska from 1824 to 1834, extensively studying the language and the people. He learned they called themselves Unangan, writing in his journal, "The inhabitants of these islands, called 'Aleuts' by the Russians and by all the Europeans, called themselves 'Unangan'" (p. 157). In addition to the "...general appellation, Unangan...", Veniaminof documented local names for people of various island groups to the east and west.
The word ''Unangan'' (plural Unanga-x) evidently translates to "Seasider."〔Bergsland, K.(1994). ''Aleut Dictionary: Unangam Tunudguisii,'' Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center〕 (p. 444). According to Corbett et al. (2000) Unangan means "the coast or seashore."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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