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The unbanked are adults who do not have their own bank accounts. Along with the underbanked, they may rely on alternative financial services for their financial needs, where these are available. ==The unbanked in the United States== The ''unbanked'' are described by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) as those adults without an account at a bank or other financial institution and are considered to be outside the mainstream for one reason or another. The FDIC estimates there are 10 million unbanked or underbanked American households.〔 〕 The majority of them are American born while a growing number are immigrants where the two groups have low income as a commonality and lack the minimum balance to open checking and savings accounts.〔 〕 According to Congressman Hinojosa, half of the unbanked had a bank account previously but are choosing to not have an account and opting to using the services of check cashers and payday lenders instead. Research has shown that immigrants who have experienced a banking crisis in their countries of origin are significantly less likely to have bank accounts in the U.S.,〔(Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, ''Bank Crises and Investor Confidence'', November 2008 )〕 and researchers also found that lower rates of financial market participation tend to persist even for immigrants who have lived in the U.S. for several years.〔("Immigrant-Native Differences in Financial Market Participation," Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, December 2006 )〕 Attributes that contribute to these decisions, however, vary for each racial/ethnic group.〔(Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, ''The Importance of Check-Cashing Businesses to the Unbanked: Racial/Ethnic Differences'', August 2003 )〕 In 2003, Donald E. Powell, Chairman of the FDIC, mentioned a personal experience that caused him to believe that banks need to make a greater effort to ensure "all are welcome in the lobbies" which includes getting out into the community because trust is important.〔 〕 Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger started the Bank on California initiative to help the unbanked in 2008. Previously, in 2001, a financial education curriculum called Money Smart was launched by the FDIC to help the financially unsavvy.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) )〕 Prior to becoming the FDIC chair in 2006, Sheila Bair ran a research project at for the Inter-American Development Bank at the University of Massachusetts Amherst to discover ways to help unbanked Latin American immigrants use the U.S. banking system. She found that the primary reason recent Latino immigrants don't use banks to remit money is because they don't have documents of legal alien status. Around the same time the Treasury Department put in place Section 326 regulations that allow banks and credit unions to accept identification from foreign governments at their own discretion.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = The United States House of Representatives )〕 Banks like Mitchell Bank in Milwaukee have taken up the Treasury Department on their relaxing of identification standards. They have even "offered pamphlets on how to apply for a Wisconsin state ID and driver's license, and invited the Mexican consulate in Chicago to visit with a mobile unit that issues "matricula" cards".〔 〕 In Chicago, the Consul General of Mexico, Carlos Sada, estimated that up to 25% of applicants of the Matricula Consular ID apply in order use it to acquire U.S. bank accounts.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Unbanked」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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