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UNITAID is a global health initiative in great part financed by a solidarity levy on airline tickets. Established in 2006 by the governments of Brazil, Chile, France, Norway and the United Kingdom, it provides sustainable funding in order to tackle inefficiencies in markets for medicines, diagnostics and prevention for HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis in developing countries.〔Summary taken from Independent evaluation of UNITAID (December 2012): http://www.unitaid.eu/images/Five-year-evaluation/5YE%20Exec%20Summary-UNITAID%202012-12-03%2016h00.pdf〕 Hosted by the WHO in Geneva, the organization's principal strength is the negotiation of low prices for drugs and diagnostics on the basis of its strong financial means. UNITAID does not have its own programs for the distribution of medication but supports programs by its implementer organizations such as the Clinton Health Access Initiative,〔CHAI is no longer part of the Clinton Foundation: Source: http://www.clintonfoundation.org/main/our-work/by-initiative/clinton-health-access-initiative/about.html〕 The Global Fund, the Stop TB Partnership〔http://www.stoptb.org/news/stories/2012/ns12_040.asp〕 of the WHO, Medecins Sans Frontieres,〔http://www.msf-me.org/en/news/news-media/news-press-releases/unitaid-greenlights-proposal-to-implement-poc-cd4-tests-and-routine-viral-monitoring-1.html〕 TB Alliance,〔http://www.tballiance.org/newscenter/view-brief.php?id=1058〕 the Medicines for Malaria Venture〔http://www.mmv.org/newsroom/news/unitaid-awards-mmv-led-consortium-us-34-million〕 and others. Due to a growing number of Member States (29 as of 2008) UNITAID's revenue has exceeded US2.4 billion through 2014〔UNITAID Audited Financial Report, page: 3 (December 2014): http://unitaid.org/images/budget/December_31_2014_Financial_Statements.pdf〕 out of which at least 85% must be distributed to low-income countries. ==History== The political actions towards the establishment of UNITAID had been preceded by two major reports on innovative financing: The ''(Report of the Technical Group on Innovative Financing Mechanisms )'' was formulated upon request by the Heads of State of Brazil, Chile, France and Spain and was published in September 2004; the ''(Landau-report )'' originated in a request by French President Jacques Chirac and was issued in December 2004. Both documents present various opportunities for innovative financing mechanisms while equally stressing the advantages (stability and predictability) of tax-based models. After these documents had been published, the countries involved in the process tried to turn the international community's attention on innovative development financing. For instance, in February 2005 a joint statement was published by Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, and Spain offering ideas for the financing of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs);〔http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/IMG/pdf/Declaration_adoptee_le_11_fevrier_2005_a_Brasilia_par_les_membres_du_groupe_quadripartite_Bresil_Chili_Espagne_Allemagne_France.pdf〕 in September of the same year a declaration was announced at a UN-meeting on the MDGs in New York, asking for further examination of innovative sources of financing;〔http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/elysee.fr/anglais/speeches_and_documents/2005/declaration_on_innovative_sources_of_financing_for_development-60th_anniversary_of_the_united_nations_new_york.31190.html〕 this again was followed by an international conference on “Solidarity and Globalization: innovative financing for development and against pandemics”, held between February 28 and March 1, 2006 in Paris. At this conference, President Chirac announced his decision to create an international drug-purchase facility, to which France would allocate 90% of the output of the new French airline ticket solidarity tax as a pilot initiative to demonstrate the feasibility and relevance of international financing for development.〔http://www.fondationchirac.eu/en/innovative-financements-for-development/〕 In the follow-up of this conference, a pilot group on innovative financing of 44 countries was established, and Chile and France decided to introduce a solidarity tax on airline tickets, which entered into force on March 2006 and 1 July 2006, respectively. Finally, on 17 September 2006, UNITAID was founded by Brazil, Chile, France, Norway and the United Kingdom - while not all of them use air ticket taxation to fulfill their commitment to UNITAID,〔(Innovative ways to fund development - UNITAID, united to treat those in need - Ministère des Affaires étrangères )〕 they are still major contributors to UNITAID.〔http://www.unitaid.eu/media/annual_report_2011/index.html〕 Since then, more countries have joined the initiative, among them notably six〔http://www.alma2015.org/sites/default/files/reference-materials/07.13.2012_air_ticket_levy.pdf〕 African countries that contribute to UNITAID's funds since February 2007.〔http://www.unitaid.eu/Nouvelle-traduction-Discours-de-M.html〕 On 28 September 2009 UNITAID launched a global ‘Thank you’ campaign to highlight achievements in global health thanks to the steady support of its contributors.〔http://www.unitaid.eu/en/UNITAID-KICKS-OFF-CAMPAIGN-TO-THANK-CONTRIBUTORS-AND-GET-MORE-COUNTRIES-INVOLVED.html〕 In March 2010 the MassiveGood initiative was unveiled; it collects funds for UNITAID by giving travelers the option to make a small donation each time they book a flight online. The US, UK, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Spain participate in MassiveGood. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Unitaid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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