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Upagraha
In Hindu astrology, the term Upagraha (Sanskrit: उपग्रह) refers to the so-called "shadow planets" (''chayagrahas'') that are actually mathematical points same as the two Lunar nodes - Rahu and Ketu are. These are portions belonging to the Sun and other planets respectively and produce painful consequences. The classic writers like Parashara and Varahamihira do not include their influences as do later writers like Vankatesa Sarma, author of Sarvartha Chintamani.
==Overview==
Mantreswara in the 25th chapter of his Phaladeepika deals with the nine traditional ''upagrahas''; the nine ''upagrahas'' are – ''(Māndi )'' (मान्दि), ''Yamakantaka'' (यमकण्टक), ''Ardhaprahār'' (अर्द्धप्रहार), ''Kaal'' (काल), ''Dhooma'' (धूम), ''Vyatipata'' (व्यतीपात), ''Paridhi'' (परिधि), ''Indradhanu'' (इन्द्रधनु) and ''Upaketu'' (उपकेतु). Gopsh Kumar Ojha clarifies that ''Mandi'' is ''Gulika'' (गुलिक). With the exception of ''Yamakantaka'' the rest eight ''upagrahas'' are malefics and produce bad results. ''Yamakantaka'' is powerful in conferring benefits same as Jupiter but the other eight have evil influences in the ''bhavas'' (houses) they are found to occupy. Mandi is considered to have the eclipsing power are known for ‘swallowing up ' the luminaries. It is having great significance in Kundali, Prasna Kundali and picking muhurtha. It also helps in analyzing the horoscope.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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