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Upākarma "Beginning" ((サンスクリット:उपाकर्म)), also called Āvaṇi Aviṭṭam ((タミル語:ஆவணி அவிட்டம்)) and Janivārada Huṇṇime ((カンナダ語:ಜನಿವಾರದ ಹುಣ್ಣಿಮೆ)),Gamha Purnima ((オリヤー語:ଗହ୍ମା ପୂର୍ଣିମା)), is a Vedic ritual practiced by Hindus of the Brahmin caste. This ritual is also practiced by the Kshatriya and Vaishya community, who are dvijas and therefore have the rights to do Sandhyavandanam, the daily ablution ritual. Upākarma is conducted once a year during the shravana or Dhaniṣṭhā nakṣatra of the Hindu calendrical month Śrāvana, when Brahmins ritually change their upanayana thread accompanied by relevant śrauta rituals, making śrāddha offerings to the rishis, whom Hindus believe composed the Vedic hymns.〔http://www.hindu-blog.com/2007/08/significance-of-avani-avittam.html〕 The day, also called ''Śrāvana Pūrnima'' "Full Moon of Śrāvana"〔 in other parts of India, usually occurs the day after the Śravana nákṣatra, which also marks the Onam festival of Kerala. On the following day, usually coinciding with the Raksha Bandhan festival in Northern and Central India, the Gayatri Mantra is recited 1008 times. Brahmins belonging to the Samaveda do not perform upakarma rituals or change their thread on this day but rather on Bhādrapada ''tritiya'', the third day of the month Bhādrapada with Hastaa nakshatra. Shukla Yajurvedic Brahmins of North India and Odisha do upakarma the previous day if the full moon spans two days. == When is upakarma observed? == Different sects of people have different dates on which upakarma is performed. Traditional learners of Yajurveda observe the Yajur upakarma in the month of Shraavana (August–September), on the full moon day;〔http://www.ramanuja.org/sv/rituals/upakarma/significance.html〕 more particularly, Yajur upakarma is held on the full-moon day that comes before the new-moon day of the month of Sravana (Avani). Rig Vedic Upakarma is observed on the day in/on sukla paksha Shravan month which has Shravana nakshatra.Rig Vedic Brahmins change the sacred thread on that day, irrespective of whether it is a full-moon day (purnima) or not. Shukla Yajurvedic bramhins of North India and Odisha do upaakarma on the previous day if Purnima spans two days (shukla chaturdashi yukta Purnima). Sama Vedic Upakarma is observed on the day after Shravan Amavasya, Hastha nakshatra such that they do the Gayatri japam on Ganesh Chaturti.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Upakarma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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