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}} ' |common_name = Jordan |image_flag = Flag of Jordan.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Jordan.svg |image_map = Jordan (orthographic projection).svg |map_caption = |image_map2 = Jordan - Location Map (2013) - JOR - UNOCHA.svg |national_motto = |italics=off}} ' |national_anthem = |official_languages = Arabic〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ethnologue report for Jordan )〕 |demonym = Jordanian |ethnic_groups = |capital = Amman |largest_city = capital |latd = 31 |latm = 57 |latNS = N |longd = 35 |longm = 56 |longEW = E |government_type = }} |leader_title1 = Monarch |leader_name1 = Abdullah II |leader_title2 = Prime Minister |leader_name2 = Abdullah Ensour |legislature = Parliament |upper_house = Senate |lower_house = Chamber of Deputies |sovereignty_type = Independence |established_event1 = |established_date1 = April 1921 |established_event2 = |established_date2 = 17 June 1946 〔 |area_km2 = 89,342 |area_sq_mi = 35,637 |area_rank = 112th |area_magnitude = |area_highest_point = Mount Um |area_lowest_point = Dead |percent_water = 0.8 |population_estimate = 8,000,000 |population_estimate_year = July 2013 |population_estimate_rank = 99th |population_census = 5,611,202 |population_census_year = July 2004 |population_density_km2 = 74.5 |population_density_sq_mi = 186.7 |population_density_sq_mi_w/o_water = 175 |population_density_rank = 132nd |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP = $82.991 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jordan )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = 87th |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $12,162〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 124th |GDP_nominal_rank = 92nd |GDP_nominal = $38.210 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 95th |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,599〔 |Gini_year = 2010 |Gini_change = |Gini = 35.4 |Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini index )〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.745 |HDI_ref = 〔 |HDI_rank = 77th |GPI = 62nd |currency = Jordanian dinar |currency_code = JOD |time_zone = AST |utc_offset = +2 |time_zone_DST = AST |utc_offset_DST =+3 |drives_on =right |calling_code = +962 |ISO_3166-1_alpha2 = JO |ISO_3166-1_alpha3 = JOR |ISO_3166-1_numeric = 400 |sport_code = JOR |vehicle_code = JOR |cctld = }} Jordan (; '), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ( '), is an Arab kingdom in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north, and Israel and Palestine to the west. Since the dawn of civilization, the country's location at the crossroads of the Middle East has served as a strategic nexus connecting Asia, Africa and Europe. Archaeologists found evidence on inhabitance dating as far back as the Paleolithic period, later three kingdoms in Jordan emerged; Edom, Moab and Ammon. The lands were later part of several empires; most notably Roman Empire, Nabatean Kingdom and finally the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century. After the post–World War I division of West Asia by Britain and France, the Emirate of Transjordan was officially recognized by the Council of the League of Nations in 1922. In 1946, Jordan became an independent sovereign state officially known as ''The Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan''. The capture of the West Bank by Jordan during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, has showed that the Arab Legion forces known today as the Jordanian Armed Forces were the most effective among the Arab troops involved in the war. The same year, Abdullah I took the title King of Jordan. The name of the state was changed to ''The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan'' on 1 December 1948. It is a major tourist destination in the region and is especially popular with expat westerners seeking to live or study in its capital Amman. Not only is the Kingdom considered the safest country in the Middle East, but also considered as the safest Arab country. In midst of surrounding turmoil it has been greatly hospitable, accepting refugees from almost all surrounding conflicts as early as 1948, with most notably the estimated 2 million Palestinian refugees and the 1.5 million Syrian refugees residing in the country. Jordan continues to demonstrate hospitality, despite the substantial strain the Syrian refugees are holding on national systems and infrastructure. It is also the only safe refuge available to thousands of Iraqi Christians fleeing the Islamic State. Pope Benedict described Jordan during his 2009 visit to the Holy Land as a model for Christian-Muslim co-existence. 30% of population was Christian in 1950, however, due to many reasons (mainly the high rates of Muslim immigration) this percentage plummeted down to 6% in 2015. Although Jordan is a constitutional monarchy, the king holds wide executive and legislative powers. Jordan is classified as a country of "high human development" by the 2014 Human Development Report. Jordan has an "upper middle income" economy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Country and Lending Groups )〕 Jordan enjoys "advanced status" with the European Union since December 2010, and it is a member of the Euro-Mediterranean free trade area. It is also a founding member of the Arab League〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=League of Arab States )〕 and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). The country is one of the top ten largest contributors to UN Peacekeeping troops.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/contributors/2013/dec13_1.pdf )〕 Jordan has a well developed medical sector, making it a medical tourism destination. Also it has one of the world's highest life expectancies, over 80 years ranking it as the second highest in the entire MENA region. Although Jordan has very few natural resources, it has large investments, the reason behind this is the country's highly skilled workforce. ==Etymology== The kingdom is named after the Jordan River. The name ''Jordan'' derives from Arabic and other Semitic languages and has multiple meanings; Ancient Arabic meaning "Steep/Slope", the Aramaic Yarden meaning "down-flowing" or "one who descends". First established as the Emirate of Transjordan by Abdullah I of Jordan where the lands beyond the river were called ''Transjordan'' meaning beyond Jordan or the river. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jordan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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