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Urinary incontinence (UI), also known as involuntary urination, is any leakage of urine. It is a common and distressing problem, which may have a large impact on quality of life. Urinary incontinence is often a result of an underlying medical condition but is under-reported to medical practitioners.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Medicinewise News )〕 Enuresis is often used to refer to urinary incontinence primarily in children, such as nocturnal enuresis (bed wetting).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Enuresis )〕 There are four main types of incontinence: *Urge incontinence due to an overactive bladder *Stress incontinence due to poor closure of the bladder *Overflow incontinence due to either poor bladder contraction or blockage of the urethra *Functional incontinence due to medications or health problems making it difficult to reach the bathroom Treatments include pelvic floor muscle training, bladder training, and electrical stimulation.〔 The benefit of medications is small and long term safety is unclear. ==Causes== The most common types of urinary incontinence in women are stress urinary incontinence and urge urinary incontinence. Women with both problems have mixed urinary incontinence. Stress urinary incontinence is caused by loss of support of the urethra which is usually a consequence of damage to pelvic support structures as a result of childbirth. It is characterized by leaking of small amounts of urine with activities which increase abdominal pressure such as coughing, sneezing and lifting. Additionally, frequent exercise in high-impact activities can cause athletic incontinence to develop. Urge urinary incontinence is caused by uninhibited contractions of the detrusor muscle. It is characterized by leaking of large amounts of urine in association with insufficient warning to get to the bathroom in time. * Polyuria (excessive urine production) of which, in turn, the most frequent causes are: uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, primary polydipsia (excessive fluid drinking), central diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.〔(merck.com > Polyuria ): A Merck Manual of Patient Symptoms podcast. Last full review/revision September 2009 by Seyed-Ali Sadjadi, MD〕 Polyuria generally causes urinary urgency and frequency, but doesn't necessarily lead to incontinence. * Enlarged prostate is the most common cause of incontinence in men after the age of 40; sometimes prostate cancer may also be associated with urinary incontinence. Moreover drugs or radiation used to treat prostate cancer can also cause incontinence.〔(What is urinary incontinence? ) Family Doctor. Retrieved on 2010-03-02〕 * Disorders like multiple sclerosis, spina bifida, Parkinson's disease, strokes and spinal cord injury can all interfere with nerve function of the bladder. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Urinary incontinence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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