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Urolithiasis
Urolithiasis (from Greek ''oûron'', "urine", + ''lithos'', "stone", + ''-iasis'') is the formation of urinary calculi (urinary stones), which are calculi formed or located anywhere in the urinary system. It comprises nephrolithiasis (the formation of kidney stones), ureterolithiasis (the formation of stones in the ureters), and cystolithiasis (the formation of bladder stones).
Urinary stones are typically classified by their location or by their chemical composition (calcium-containing, struvite, uric acid, or other compounds). In humans, calcium oxalate is a major constituent of most urinary stones. About 80% of those with kidney stones are men. Men most commonly experience their first episode between 20-30 years of age, while for women the age at first presentation is somewhat later.
==Signs and symptoms==
In the kidney, fixed renal pain (flank pain) is common. In the ureter (according to localisation of stone): If in the upper one-third of the ureter - pain radiates to the perineum, if at the pelvic brim - pain radiates to the inner aspect of the thigh, if present in the middle one-third of ureter - pain radiates to the iliac fossa. If the stone is localised in the bladder neck or urethra - pain may present as tip of penis pain. Frequency of urination, oliguria, dribbling of urine, and hematuria may increase.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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