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Uruk-hai
The Uruk-hai are fictional characters in J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional universe of Middle-earth. They are introduced in ''The Lord of the Rings'' as an advanced breed of orcs that serve Sauron and Saruman. The first uruks appeared out of Mordor in attacks on Gondor in .〔Tolkien, ''The Return of the King'', Appendix A (I,iv), "The Stewards", p. 414.〕 ==Terminology== The name "Uruk-hai" has the element ''Uruk'', which is a Black Speech word related to ''Orc'', related to the word "Urko" in Tolkien's invented language of Quenya. The element ''hai'' means "folk", so "Uruk-hai" is "Orc-folk". A similar term is "Olog-hai" ("troll-folk"), used for a breed of especially strong and vicious trolls capable of surviving sunlight. Christopher Tolkien describes "Uruks" as an anglicization of "Uruk-hai" and his father used the two terms interchangeably a number of times. While "Uruk-hai" means simply "Orc-folk", the term was reserved for the soldier orcs of Mordor and Isengard. The larger orcs called the smaller breeds ''snaga'' ("slave").
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