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}} | native_name_lang = ja | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Kaichu-Doro.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = Mid-Sea Road, which connects the Katsuren Peninsula to the Yokatsu Islands | image_flag = Flag of Uruma, Okinawa.svg | flag_alt = | image_seal = Emblem of Uruma Okinawa chapter.svg | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Uruma in Okinawa Prefecture Ja.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Uruma in Okinawa Prefecture | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_base_alt = | dot_map_alt = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = | dot_y = | pushpin_map = Japan | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | latd = 26 | latm = 22 | lats = 45 | latNS = N | longd = 127 | longm = 51 | longs= 27 | longEW = E | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_footnotes = | coordinates_region = JP | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Japan | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Kyushu | subdivision_type2 = Prefecture | subdivision_name2 = Okinawa Prefecture | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Toshio Shimabukuro | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | total_type = | unit_pref = Metric | area_magnitude = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 86.00 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = 〔 | elevation_m = 204 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 118330 | population_as_of = May 1, 2013 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = Japan Standard Time | utc_offset1 = +9 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | blank_name_sec1 = City Symbols | blank1_name_sec1 = - Tree | blank1_info_sec1 = Ryuūkyū kuroki ''(Symplocos lucida Sieb. et Zucc)'' | blank2_name_sec1 = - Flower | blank2_info_sec1 = Sandanka ''(Ixosora chinensis)'' | blank3_name_sec1 = - Flowering tree | blank3_info_sec1 = Hibiscus | blank4_name_sec1 = - Bird | blank4_info_sec1 = Chaan (Ryukyuan cock) | blank_name_sec2 = Phone number | blank_info_sec2 = 098-974-3111 | blank1_name_sec2 = Address | blank1_info_sec2 = 1-1-1 Midori-machi, Uruma-shi, Okinawa-ken 904-2292 | website = | footnotes = }} is a city located in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.〔 As of May 1, 2013, the city has an estimated population of 118,330 and a population density of 1,400 persons per km². The total area is 86.00 km². The modern city of Uruma was established on April 1, 2005, when the cities of Gushikawa and Ishikawa were merged with the towns of Katsuren and Yonashiro (both from Nakagami District).〔〔 The city covers part of the east coast of the south of Okinawa Island, the Katsuren Peninsula, and the eight Yokatsu Islands.〔 The Yokatsu Islands include numerous sites important to the Ryukyuan religion, and the city as a whole has numerous historical sites, including: Katsuren Castle, Agena Castle, and Iha Castle and the Iha Shell Mound.〔〔 Uruma is noted for its role in hosting large-scale refugee camps and the initial organization of local government of Okinawa immediately after the Battle of Okinawa in 1945. As such the city is considered the home of the starting point of the restoration of civil life in Okinawa immediately after the end of World War II.〔〔 United States maintains four military bases in Uruma, some of which span other municipalities in Okinawa: Kadena Ammunition Storage Area, Camp McTureous, Camp Courtney, and White Beach Naval Facility. The bases cover 12.97% of the total area of the city. Two controversies have surrounded American military bases in Uruma: the 1959 Okinawa F-100 crash which killed and injured numerous students and residents, and the transport of Agent Orange via the White Beach Naval Facility for testing in Okinawa in the early 1960s as part of the classified Project AGILE.〔〔〔 Uruma is home to the largest venue for Okinawan bullfighting. The Mid-Sea Road, which crosses the ocean and connects the Yokatsu Islands to the main island of Okinawa, is now a symbol of Uruma.〔〔〔 ==Etymology== In the Japanese language the name of the city is written using the hiragana syllabary instead of kanji characters because, according to the city, it looks endearing and soft. The name of the city of Uruma comes from a poetic name for Okinawa Island. A folk etymology, which was adopted by the city itself, segments ''uruma'' into ''uru'' (fine sand or coral in Okinawan) and '' *ma'' (island?). Another theory relates it to ''urumaa'', meaning cricket in Okinawan. The Okinawan origin of the word, however, has long been questioned. In fact, it was in mainland Japan that the word was first attested and eventually came to refer to Okinawa. The first known reference to ''uruma'' is a waka poem by Fujiwara no Kintō in the early 11th century. He compared a woman's coldheartedness to the incomprehensible speech of drifters from ''Ureung'' Island (迂陵島, identified as Ulleung Island) of Goryeo Kingdom, which Kintō called Silla, a practice rather common in Heian-period Japan. However, the association with Ulleung Island was soon forgotten because the reference to Silla was dropped when his poem was recorded in the ''Senzai Wakashū'' (1188). Thereafter waka poets only thought ''uruma'' as an island somewhere outside Japan with an unintelligible language. At the same time, it evoked a sense of familiarity because the phrase ''uruma no ichi'' (market in Uruma) was poetically associated with Mino Province. From the viewpoint of mainland Japanese poets, Okinawa might have been an ideal referent of ''uruma'' because, despite the exotic name of ''Ryūkyū'', the first reference to Okinawan-composed waka poems was as early as 1496. The first known identification of ''uruma'' as Okinawa Island can be found in the ''Moshiogusa'' (1513), but the association remained weak for some time. For example, Hokkaido, in addition to Okinawa, was referred to as ''uruma'' in the ''Shōzaishū'' (1597). The mainland Japanese poetic practice was adopted by Okinawan waka poets in the late 17th century. The ''Omoidegusa'' (1700), a purely Japanese poetic diary by Shikina Seimei, is known for its extensive use of the word ''uruma''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Uruma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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