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The Ustaše (), also known as "Ustashe", "Ustashas", and "Ustashi", were members of the Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Movement ((クロアチア語:Ustaša – Hrvatski revolucionarni pokret)), a Croatian fascist,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ustasa (Croatian political movement) )〕 ultranationalist and terrorist organization, active, in its original form, between 1929 and 1945. Its members murdered hundreds of thousands of Serbs, Jews and Roma (Gypsies) in Yugoslavia during World War II.〔 The ideology of the movement was a blend of fascism, Roman Catholicism and Croatian nationalism.〔 The Ustaše supported the creation of a Greater Croatia that would span the River Drina and extend to the border of Belgrade.〔Meier, Viktor. ''Yugoslavia: a history of its demise'' (English), London, UK: Routledge, 1999, p. 125.〕 The movement emphasized the need for a racially "pure" Croatia and promoted genocide against Serbs, Jews and Romani people, and persecution of Croatian dissidents.〔 The Ustaše were fiercely Catholic, identifying it with Croatian nationalism.〔Kent, Peter C. ''The lonely Cold War of Pope Pius XII: the Roman Catholic Church and the division of Europe, 1943–1950'', McGill-Queen's Press (MQUP), 2002 p. 46; ISBN 978-0-7735-2326-5 "''Fiercely nationalistic, the Ustaše were also fervently Catholic, identifying, in the Yugoslav political context, Catholicism with Croatian nationalism...''"〕 They declared that the Catholic and Muslim faiths were the religions of the Croatian people. They claimed the Islam of the Bosniaks was a religion which "keeps true the blood of Croats".〔Butić-Jelić, Fikreta. ''Ustaše i Nezavisna Država Hrvatska 1941–1945.'' Liber, 1977〕 When it was founded in 1930, as Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Organization ((クロアチア語:Ustaša – Hrvatska revolucionarna organizacija)) it was a nationalist organization that sought to create an independent Croatian state. When the Ustaše came to power in the NDH, a quasi-protectorate established by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany during World War II, its military wings became the Army of the Independent State of Croatia and the Ustaše militia ((クロアチア語:Ustaška vojnica)).〔 The movement functioned as a terrorist organization before World War II〔 but in April 1941, they were appointed to rule a part of Axis-occupied Yugoslavia as the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), which has been described as both an Italian-German quasi-protectorate, and as a puppet state〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Independent State of Croatia )〕〔(Yugoslavia ), ''Holocaust Encyclopedia'', United States Holocaust Memorial Museum website; accessed 25 April 2014.〕〔(History of Croatia:World War II )〕 of Nazi Germany.〔 The NDH collaborated with the Italian and German occupation forces in Yugoslavia in fighting an increasingly unsuccessful campaign against the resistance forces, the Yugoslav Partisans, who were recognized in late November 1943 as the military of the Allied Yugoslav state. As German forces withdrew from Yugoslavia in 1944/1945, the Ustaše organized an exodus from the country, which led to the Bleiburg repatriations. ==Name== The word ''ustaša'' (plural: ''ustaše'') is derived from the intransitive verb ''ustati'' (Croatian for ''rise up''). "" ((ドイツ語:Landsturm)) was a military rank in the Imperial Croatian Home Guard (1868–1918). The same term was the name of Croatian third-class infantry regiments ((ドイツ語:Landsturm regiments)) during World War One 1914–1918.〔See: :hr:Pučki-ustaše〕 Another variation of the word ''ustati'' is ''ustanik'' (plural: ''ustanici'') which means an insurgent, or a rebel. The name ''ustaša'' did not have fascist connotations during their early years in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia as the term "ustat" was itself used in Herzegovina to denote the insurgents from the Herzegovinian rebellion of 1875. The full original name of the organization appeared in April 1931 as the ''Ustaša – Hrvatska revolucionarna organizacija'' or UHRO (Ustaša – Croatian revolutionary organization); in 1933 it was renamed the ''Ustaša – Hrvatski revolucionarni pokret'' (Ustaša – Croatian revolutionary movement), a name it kept until World War II.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ustaše」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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