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Ustyuzhna ((ロシア語:У́стюжна)) is a town and the administrative center of Ustyuzhensky District in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Mologa River, west of Vologda, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: ==History== Considered to have been founded in the 11th century, it was first mentioned, as Zhelezny Ustyug (), in 1252, and in the following centuries was called variously Ustyuzhna Zheleznopolskaya, Ustizhna, Ustizhnya, Ustyuzhnya, and Yustyzhnya. In the 16th–18th centuries it was known mostly as Ustyuzhna-Zheleznaya or Ustyuzhna-Zheleznopolskaya, but since 1808 it had mostly been referred to by its modern name. The origin of the name is unclear, though it may be related to that of Ustyug.〔Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира", стр. 436〕 In 1252, Ustyuzhna was a part of the Principality of Uglich.〔 It was situated on the shortest route from Novgorod to the basin of the Northern Dvina River, which caused an interest of the Novgorod Republic. In the 14th century, Novgorod made several attempts to establish control over the town.〔 During the Time of Troubles, the Polish Army laid a siege on Ustyuzhna, but did not manage to conquer the town.〔 In the 16th and 17th centuries, the territory became one of the most important centers of metal production in Russia, second only to Tula.〔 Between 1702 and 1714, Izhinsky iron-making plant, built by the Admiralty, existed in Ustyuzhna, making it a major producer of arms.〔 In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, Ustyuzhna was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate) and named one of the towns constituting the governorate.〔(Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов ) 〕 In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off, which included Ustyuzhna as a part of its Belozersk Province. In 1738, Ustyuzhna was chartered and became the seat of Ustyuzhensky Uyezd.〔 In 1776, the uyezd was transferred to Novgorod Viceroyalty.〔 In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished and Ustyuzhensky Uyezd was transferred to Novgorod Governorate.〔 In June 1918, five uyezds of Novgorod Governorate, including Ustyuzhensky Uyezd, were split off to form Cherepovets Governorate, with the administrative center in Cherepovets. On August 1, 1927, Cherepovets Governorate was abolished and its territory became Cherepovets Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.〔 At the same time, uyezds were abolished and Ustyuzhensky District was established, with the administrative center in Ustyuzhna.〔 On September 23, 1937, Ustyuzhensky District was transferred to newly established Vologda Oblast and remained there ever since.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ustyuzhna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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