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Uther Pendragon
Uther Pendragon (〔Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 3rd ed., s.v. "Uther", "Pendragon".〕 or ; (ウェールズ語:Uthyr Pendragon, Uthyr Bendragon)) is a legendary king of sub-Roman Britain and the father of King Arthur. A few minor references to Uther appear in Old Welsh poems, but his biography was first written down by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his ''Historia Regum Britanniae'' (''History of the Kings of Britain''), and Geoffrey's account of the character was used in most later versions.
He is a fairly ambiguous individual throughout the literature, but is described as a strong king and a defender of the people. According to Arthurian Legend, Uther, through circumstances and Merlin's help, tricks the wife of his enemy Gorlois, Lady Igraine, and sleeps with her. Thus Arthur, "the once and future king," is an illegitimate child (though later legend as found in Malory emphasizes that the conception occurred after Gorlois's death and that therefore he was legitimated by Uther's subsequent marriage to Igraine〔http://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/MaloryWks2/1:3.6?rgn=div2;view=fulltext〕). This act of conception occurs the very night Uther's troops dispatch Gorlois. This theme of illegitimate conception is repeated in Arthur's siring of Mordred by his own half-sister Morgause in the later prose romances. It is Mordred who will eventually mortally wound King Arthur in the Battle of Camlann.
==Epithet==
Uther's epithet ''Pendragon'' literally means "Chief-Dragon", but in a figurative sense, "foremost leader" or "chief of warriors".〔Bromwich, ''Trioedd Ynys Prydein'', p. 512–513〕 The name was misinterpreted by Geoffrey of Monmouth in the ''Historia'' to mean "dragon's head",〔 and further misinterpreted in the Lancelot-Grail Cycle to mean "hanging dragon". According to Geoffrey and works based on his version, Uther acquired the epithet when he witnessed a portentous dragon-shaped comet, which inspired him to use dragons on his standards. According to Robert de Boron〔de Boron, Robert. ''Merlin and the Grail''. Tr. Nigel Bryant. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2001.〕 and the Grail cycle based on his work, it was Uther's older brother (elsewhere called Aurelius Ambrosius) who saw the comet and received the name "Pendragon", Uther taking his epithet after his death.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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