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''Utthalum'' ((タイ語:อุทลุม)) is a Thai word and legal term, meaning "immoral, unconventional, ingrate, against the custom".〔Royal Institute of Thailand, 2008: Online.〕 The term refers to a person who enters a case against his own parents or grandparents, or known in Thai as ''"khon utthalum"'' ((タイ語:คนอุทลุม); "''utthalum'' person"). It does also refer to a case brought by an ''utthalum'' person, called in Thai ''"khadi utthalum"'' ((タイ語:คดีอุทลุม); "''utthalum'' case"). The ancient Thai law, the Law of Case Admission (พระไอยการลักษณะรับฟ้อง) under the Code of the Three Great Seals (กฎหมายตราสามดวง), prescribed:〔Sawaeng Bunchaloemwiphat, 2009 : 257.〕 "Section 21. A case shall be dismissed if it is instituted by an ''utthalum'' person, that is, a person who never appreciates the kindness of his own father, mother, grandfather or grandmother, and accuses the latter before any sort of court. Section 25. Any person who is ''utthalum'', that is, a person who never appreciates the kindness of his own father, mother, grandfather or grandmother, and accuses the latter before any sort of court, shall be punished with flagellation, in order that such evil deed will not be followed by others. Also, the case brought by him shall never be taken up." Later in the codification of the Civil and Commercial Code, the drafting committee resolved to derive certain rules of virtue from the Code of the Three Great Seals, including the principle of ''utthalum.''〔Sawaeng Bunchaloemwiphat, 2009 : 255-256.〕 The Civil and Commercial Code, Book 5: Family, Title 2: Parent and Child, Part 2: Rights and Duties of Parent and Child, which is in force still, prescribes: "Section 1562. No person may enter a case, either civil or criminal, against any of his or her own ascendants. The public prosecutor may, however, take up the case upon application of such person or his or her close relative." As section 1562 results in the restriction of rights of persons, Thai courts tend to interpret that the term "ascendant" ((タイ語:บุพการี); ; from Sanskrit, ''purvakarī'', or Pāli, ''pubbakarī'', "one who nurtures another first") does not cover adoptive parents or grandparents. == Notes == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Utthalum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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