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Umeå (, ; South Westrobothnian ; Ume Sami: ''Ubmeje'', , (フィンランド語:Uumaja), (北部サーミ語:Ubmi)) is a town in northern Sweden. It is the seat of Umeå Municipality and the capital of Västerbotten County. The city is located on the Ume River. Umeå is the biggest city in Norrland and the twelfth biggest in Sweden, with 79,594 inhabitants in 2010.〔 The municipality had 119,613 inhabitants at the end of 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Folkmängd i riket, län och kommuner efter kön och ålder 31 december 2014 )〕 When the university was established in 1965, growth sped up, and the number of housing has doubled in the last 30 years. , 700 to 800 new apartments are constructed each year.〔 Umeå is a university town and centre of education, technical and medical research in Sweden, with two universities and over 39,000 students. The city was elected as the European Capital of Culture of 2014. == History == The first written mention of Umeå is from the 14th century. The northern parts of Sweden, including the counties of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, were mostly settled by nomadic Sami people before this time but not necessarily forming any permanent settlement in the city's exact location since the Sami people were, for large parts of the year, herding their reindeer in the inland mountainous parts of modern Westrobothnia. The name is believed to be derived from the Old Norse word ''Úma'' which means ''roaring''. The name of the town would therefore mean "''The Roaring River''.〔Lars-Erik Edlund, "Kåddis, Hjåggböle och Hej" i Svenska Turistföreningens årsbok 2001, s.31〕〔Mats Wahlberg: Svenskt ortnamnslexikon, Språk- och folkminnesinstitutet, Uppsala 2003, sid. 143〕 Therefore, the coast came to be permanently settled by Germanic peoples moving upwards on the Bothnian Bay by boat, hence the Germanic names of towns and villages on the Westrobothnian coast. Some kven people had permanent settlements in northern Westrobothnia (Piteå and Luleå) but were gradually assimilated with the Germanic tribes although some Finnish names of lakes and villages survived. Southern Westrobothnia (Umeå and Skellefteå) has been a permanent Germanic settlement since at least the 14th century, but probably since the Viking ages or earlier. Umeå in its first form was a parish with a wooden church and trade post located in the section of town now known as Backen (or Kyrkbacken). Its location near the coast and on a river was probably one of the reasons that people chose to settle there.〔 (1300-1652 Umeå kommun ) - Umeå official website. Retrieved 26 August 2008〕 For the next couple of centuries Umeå was a place consisting of scattered parishes, where merchandise originating with the Sami people was traded, and was the last inhabited place before the northern wilderness took over. However, no real city was built at the location selected by the king, and it lost its town privileges in the 1590s.〔 In 1622, a city was again founded by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. In 1638, it had about 40 houses.〔 It suffered from Russian attacks in 1714 and in 1720 when it was burnt to the ground. At the close of the Finnish War in 1809 the Russian army under Barclay de Tolly took Umeå and held it from June to August.〔 (1714-1809 - Umeå kommun ) - Umeå official website. Retrieved 26 August 2008〕 In 1874 the town improved the plans for its structure after it became a government requirement. Umeå had already started making these changes when on 25 June 1888, a fire devastated the eastern parts of Umeå and at least 2,300 of the 3,000 inhabitants became homeless. In the restoration following the fire, silver birch trees were planted along wide avenues to prevent future fires from spreading.〔(Did you know that...? - Umeå University )〕 For this reason Umeå is sometimes known as "Björkarnas Stad", the "City of Birches".〔http://www.umearegionen.se/download/18.5df2398c11695225c37800073434/eng.pdf〕 and the name of the Umeå ice-hockey team, Björklöven, means "The Birch Leaves". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Umeå」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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