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The Virtual Instrumentation Tool for the ESS (VITESS) is an open source software package for the simulation of neutron scattering experiments. The software is maintained and developed by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB),〔(HZB homepage )〕 the former Hahn-Meitner-Institur HMI, and available for Windows, Linux and Macintosh on the (VITESS homepage ). It is widely used for simulation of existing neutron scattering instruments as well as for the development of new instruments.〔G Zsigmond, K Lieutenant, S Manoshin, H.N Bordallo, J.D.M Champion, J Peters, J.M Carpenter, F Mezei, A survey of simulations of complex neutronic systems by VITESS, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 529, Issues 1–3, 21 August 2004, Pages 218-222, ISSN 0168-9002, 10.1016/j.nima.2004.04.205.〕〔Sergey Manoshin, Alexander Belushkin, Alexander Ioffe, VITESS polarized neutron suite: allows for the simulation of performance of any existing polarized neutron scattering instrument, Physica B: Condensed Matter, Volume 406, Issue 12, June 2011, Pages 2337-2341, ISSN 0921-4526, 10.1016/j.physb.2010.11.080.〕〔Amitesh Paul, Wavelength resolution options for a time-of-flight reflectometer using VITESS code of simulation, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 646, Issue 1, 1 August 2011, Pages 158-166, ISSN 0168-9002, 10.1016/j.nima.2011.01.028.〕〔Phillip M. Bentley, Shane J. Kennedy, Ken H. Andersen, Damián Martin Rodríguez, David F.R. Mildner, Correction of optical aberrations in elliptic neutron guides, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Volume 693, 21 November 2012, Pages 268-275, ISSN 0168-9002, 10.1016/j.nima.2012.07.002.(arXiv:1201.4286 )〕〔L.D. Cussen, D. Nekrassov, C. Zendler, K. Lieutenant, Multiple reflections in elliptic neutron guide tubes, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Available online 5 December 2012, ISSN 0168-9002, 10.1016/j.nima.2012.11.183.〕 VITESS was initiated by F. Mezei in 1998, closely followed by the first release of VITESS in 1999 and version 2 in 2001.〔K. Lieutenant et al., (''Neutron instrument simulation and optimization using the software package VITESS'' ), Proc. SPIE 5536, Advances in Computational Methods for X-Ray and Neutron Optics, 134 (October 21, 2004); doi:10.1117/12.562814〕 The current version 3 including an X3D visualization interface has been released in November 2012. Although it was initially developed to aid the design of neutron scattering instruments for the European Spallation Source (ESS)〔(ESS homepage )〕 as the name implies, VITESS serves as a generic simulation tool for a large variety of neutron scattering instruments at all major pulsed or continuous neutron sources. It comprises all established instrument hardware such as neutron optics (e.g. guides, apertures, lenses), wavelength selectors (e.g. disc choppers, velocity selectors) and a growing variety of samples, allowing to perform virtual experiments including sophisticated setups like polarized neutrons in magnetic fields. Parameters specifying the instrument components can be given by means of a graphical user interface, which makes VITESS comparably easy to use and quick to learn for new users, while advanced users can contribute their own modules. The validity of VITESS simulations is tested by comparison with other neutron simulation packages and with measurements at neutron scattering facilities.〔P. A. Seeger et al., (''Monte Carlo code comparison for a model instrument.'' ), Neutron News 13(4):24-29, 2002〕〔U. Filges et al., ''FOCUS Intercomparison using McStas/VITESS/Restrax", Presentation at the International Workshop on Applications of Advanced MC simulations, 2006〕 Other simulation packages for neutron scattering instruments include McStas, Restrax, NISP and IDEAS. == Working principle == VITESS simulations are carried out by means of a Monte Carlo ray-tracing method. Neutron trajectories are created in a source module or loaded from a file created in a previous simulation. Each neutron is assigned a count rate which is modified on each interaction with the instrument, like the reflection at or transmission through a (super)mirror plate. The trajectory is discarded if the neutron does not hit the subsequent component or gets absorbed. Some components (e.g. sample environment) can multiply neutron trajectories by splitting the neutrons into several possible final states and assigning the appropriate probability to each of them, thus keeping the total neutron intensity either constant or decreasing if neutrons are lost. Instrument parts are represented by modules which run independently in a pipe structure during simulation. Neutrons are passed from one module to the next in packages of typically 10000 neutrons, meaning that for most simulations that require more statistics, all modules run in parallel. This modular structure allows to split the simulation into several parts, and e.g. save the neutrons in any part of the instrument to feed them as input to the subsequent part in a separate simulation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「VITESS」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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