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Aestivation or estivation refers to the positional arrangement of the parts of a flower within a flower bud before it has opened. Aestivation is also sometimes referred to as praefoliation or prefoliation, but these terms may also mean vernation: the arrangement of leaves within a vegetative bud. Aestivation can be an important taxonomic diagnostic; for example Malvaceae flower buds have valvate sepals, with the exception of the genera ''Fremontodendron'' and ''Chiranthodendron'', which have sometimes been misplaced as a result. The terms used to describe aestivation are the same as those used to describe leaf vernation. Classes of aestivation include: * ''imbricate'' – overlapping * * ''contorted'' or ''twisted'' – every petal or sepal is outside its neighbour on one margin, and inside its neighbour on the other margin * * * ''cochleate'' – spirally twisted * * * ''contortiplicate'' – contorted and also plicate * * ''quincuncial'' – with five parts, where two petals or sepals are outside all others, two are inside all others, and the fifth is outside on one margin and inside on the other * ''crumpled'' * ''decussate'' * ''induplicate'' – folded inwards * ''open'' – petals or sepals do not overlap or even touch each other * ''reduplicate'' – folded outwards * ''valvate'' – margins of adjacent petals or sepals touch each other without overlapping. File:Kashira lilacs 01.JPG|Lilac (''Syringa vulgaris''), valvate aestivation File:Phlox aestivation.jpg|Phlox (''Phlox paniculata''), contorted aestivation File:Vinca minor aestivation.jpg|''Vinca minor'', contorted aestivation File:Morning Glory Photo.jpg|''Ipomoea'', contortiplicate aestivation File:Starr 070302-5063 Merremia tuberosa.jpg|The corolla of ''Merremia tuberosa'' was contortiplicate in the bud == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aestivation (botany)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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