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Vampirococcus
''Vampirococcus'' is an informally described genus of ovoid Gram-negative bacteria, but the exact phylogeny remains to be determined.〔 This predatory prokaryote was first described in 1983 by Esteve et al. as small, anaerobic microbe about 0.6 μm wide before being given the name of ''Vampirococcus'' in 1986 by Guerrero et al.〔 This prokaryote is a freshwater obligate predator that preys specifically on various species of the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium, ''Chromatium''.〔〔 As an epibiont, ''Vampirococcus'' attaches to the cell surface of their prey and "sucks" out the cytoplasm using a specialized cytoplasmic bridge. They are commonly mentioned as an example of epibionts when discussing strategies employed by bacterial predators. This microbe still has yet to be classified based on genomic sequencing or 16S rRNA because it cannot be sustained long enough outside its natural environment to isolate a pure culture.〔
== Characterization ==
''Vampirococcus'' is a predatory prokaryotic genus that lives in anaerobic, aquatic conditions. This bacterium is distinguished from other predatory prokaryotes because it feeds upon its prey using epibiosis (also see epibiont).〔 ''Vampirococcus'' cells are small and ovoid, being only 0.6μm wide.〔 This small size is characteristic of prokaryotes - as they are smaller than eukaryotic cells - and is beneficial for predatory species, as discussed in the Prey and Predation section below.〔 In addition, ''Vampirococcus'' specifically preys upon various species within the bacterial genus, ''Chromatium'', a freshwater purple sulfur bacteria.〔 Because ''Chromatium'' is a primary producer as a phototroph, it has been suggested that ''Vampirococcus'' could be considered a primary consumer as a predator of photosynthetic bacteria.〔
There is some disagreement in the scientific community regarding ''Vampirococcus's'' motility. Many papers have stated that this specific predatory prokaryote does not have cilia or flagella, rendering the prokaryote immotile.〔〔 However, recent scientific papers have begun to describe ''Vampirococcus'' specifically with a single polar flagellum that allows it to interact with potential prey in its environment. Other recent articles have referred to ''Vampirococcus'' as part of a group of similar organisms known as BALOs (Bdellovibrio And Like Organisms) which are known to be very motile predatory microbes. It is difficult to find recent research specifically about ''Vampirococcus'' that elaborates on this topic, so the motility of this organism should be addressed with caution until further research clarifies the matter.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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