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Vanabins
Vanabins (also known as vanadium-associated proteins or vanadium chromagen) are a specific group of vanadium-binding metalloproteins. Vanabins are found almost exclusively in the blood cells, or vanadocytes of some ascidians and tunicates (sea squirts). The vanabins extracted from tunicate vanadocytes are often called hemovanadins. These organisms are able to concentrate vanadium to a level more than 100 times higher than in the surrounding seawater. Vanabin proteins seem to be involved in collecting and accumulating this metal ion. At present there is no conclusive understanding of why these organisms collect vanadium, and it remains a biological mystery. German chemist Martin Henze discovered vanadium in ascidiaceans in 1911.〔Henze (1911). Untersuchungen fiber das Blut der Ascidien. 1. Die Vanadiumbindung der Blutk6rperchen. ''Z. Physiol. Chem.'' 72, 494–50〕〔Michibata H, Uyama T, Ueki T, Kanamori K (2002). Vanadocytes, cells hold the key to resolving the highly selective accumulation and reduction of vanadium in ascidians. ''Microscopy Research and Technique.'' Volume 56 Issue 6, Pages 421 - 434〕 ==Theories==
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