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''Vanada'' is an early musical composition by Michael Torke. A chamber piece, ''Vanada'' was composed in 1984 while Torke was still a student. Published in 1986, the piece is scored for a musical ensemble of twelve musicians using a mix of acoustic and electric instruments. ==Information== While written in the key of B Major/G Minor,〔Torke, p. 1.〕 the piece is based around an eight-note chord with a non-key bass note of D natural. While the keyboards produce the chord all at once, the other instruments have it as a center for their phrasings.〔Oteri, p. 1.〕 ''Vanada'' begins with two bars in ''fortissimo'', only to restart with a ''pianissimo'' and ''piano'' section punctuated with contrasting ''forte'' notes (bars 3 to 22). Later sections continue with dynamically contrasting material. The piece ends with the synthesizers rising in crescendo to a final blast at ''fffff'' or ''fortississississimo'' (bars 353 & 354). The piece has been described as "a romp for student chamber orchestra".〔Wierzbicki, p. 91.〕 While the piece has received critical acclaim,〔Fiatow, p. 244.〕 Torke's ideas for the piece were opposed by the musical establishment at the time he composed it. The guest composer at the Eastman School of Music, where Torke was studying at the time, dismissed the material as "dangerously close to the corruption that's happening to all American music."〔Oteri, p. 3〕 The piece represents the freer approach of post-minimalism as compared to the austerity of serialism and minimalism.〔Oteri, p. 2.〕 ''Vanada'' is Torke's first example of this approach, and the composer has consistently used it since.〔 Torke was influenced by Milton Babbitt's time-point system in his composition of ''Vanada'', but added four extra notes to create a piece with a time signature, rather than using or time which is normal for Babbitt's system. Torke was also influenced by pop musician Madonna's 1983 self-titled album, including the song "Physical Attraction".〔 ''Vanada'' has been described as instantiating a "metallic sound world", similar in character to the work of the Dutch, minimalist composer Louis Andriessen.〔Staines, p. 588.〕 A performance of the piece by the London Sinfonietta, conducted by Kent Nagano, was recorded in November, 1989 at CBS Studio 1 in London, and originally released by Argo Records (UK). This recording was re-released by Ecstatic Records in 2004.〔See liner notes for Argo Records ARGO 430 209–2, and liner notes for Ecstatic Records ER092299.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vanada」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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