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Walpurgis Night
Walpurgis Night is the English translation of ''Walpurgisnacht'', one of the German names for the night of 30 April, so called because it is the eve of the feast day of Saint Walpurga, an 8th-century abbess in Germania. In Germanic folklore Walpurgisnacht, also called ''Hexennacht'' (Dutch: ''heksennacht''; literally "Witches' Night"), is believed to be the night of a witches' meeting on the Brocken, the highest peak in the Harz Mountains, a range of wooded hills in central Germany between the rivers Weser and Elbe. The first known written occurrence of the English translation "Walpurgis Night" is from the 19th century. Local variants of Walpurgis Night are observed across Europe in the Netherlands, Germany, the Czech Republic, Sweden, Lithuania, Latvia, Finland and Estonia.
==Name==
The current festival is, in most countries that celebrate it, named after the English missionary Saint Walpurga (ca. 710–777/9). As Walpurga's feast was held on 1 May (ca. 870),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Walburga )〕 she became associated with May Day, especially in the Finnish and Swedish calendars.〔.〕 The eve of May Day, traditionally celebrated with dancing, came to be known as ''Walpurgisnacht'' ("Walpurga's night"). The name of the holiday is ''Walpurgisnacht'' or ''Hexennacht'' ("Witches' Night") in German, ''Heksennacht'' in Dutch ''Valborgsmässoafton'' in Swedish, ''Vappen'' in Finland Swedish, ''Vappu'' in Finnish, ''Volbriöö'', (''Walpurgi night'') in Estonian, ''Valpurgijos naktis'' in Lithuanian, ''Valpurģu nakts'' or ''Valpurģi'' in Latvian, ''čarodějnice'' and ''Valpuržina noc'' in Czech.
The Germanic term ''Walpurgisnacht'' is recorded in 1668 by as ''S. Walpurgis Nacht'' or ''S. Walpurgis Abend''. An earlier mention of ''Walpurgis'' and ''S. Walpurgis Abend'' is in the 1603 edition of the ''Calendarium perpetuum'' of Johann Coler, who also refers to the following day, 1 May, as ''Jacobi Philippi'', feast day of the apostles James the Less and Philip in the Catholic calendar.
The 17th-century German tradition of a meeting of sorcerers and witches on May Day eve (''Hexennacht'', "Witches' Night") is influenced by the descriptions of Witches' Sabbaths in 15th- and 16th-century literature.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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