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There are many varieties of criticism. This article overviews some of the main types of criticism that occur regularly in everyday life. For other criteria which are used to classify criticisms, click here. For more subject-specific information, see the pages on topics such as art, film, literature, theatre, or architecture. ==Aesthetic criticism== *Example: Oscar Wilde, John Berger Aesthetic criticism is that part of aesthetics which is concerned with critically judging beauty and ugliness, tastefulness and tastelessness, style and fashion, the meaning and quality of design, and issues of human sentiment and affect (the evocation of pleasure and pain, likes and dislikes). Most parts of human life have an aesthetic dimension, which means there is plenty potential for criticism. Often architecture criticism is considered the highest form of aesthetic criticism, because architecture combines art, science and technology to build a pleasing home environment, a "living space" which people have to inhabit everyday, more or less permanently. An aesthetic critic however does not simply say "it's beautiful" or "it's ugly." Instead, the aim is to ''explain'' the meaning of a work of art, ''why'' something is beautiful or ugly, or how the meaning of a design should be ''interpreted'', the stronger and weaker sides of a cultural object, etc. For this purpose, aesthetic critics have a toolkit of criteria which they can use in making their commentary. These criteria include such things as: *looking at the motive behind creative activity; *considering the total context within which creative activity occurred; *examining the techniques or physical forces used to create the aesthetic effect; *identifying the values, sentiments, interests, needs or ideals which are communicated by the phenomenon of interest; *relating the object of criticism to other objects, themes, traditions or genres which are linked to it; *evaluating the interaction between the observed and the observed, as well as the overall effect; *explaining the function, use or purpose which the object of the criticism fulfills. Using these kinds of criteria, which usually assume extensive relevant knowledge, aesthetic critics can inform their audience about the achievements and limitations of the object of aesthetic criticism. In this way, they can draw attention to aesthetic issues which most people might have overlooked, educate people in their aesthetic appreciation, and stimulate debate about what kinds of aesthetic expressions are preferable. In part, aesthetic criticism can genuinely ''prove'' aesthetic propositions;– if they concern matters of factual or logical evidence. For example, either an artist had a certain motivation, or s/he did not. But insofar as "beauty is in the eye of the beholder", there is always also a subjective element in aesthetic criticism, which is not provable, but expresses a preference, a personal taste. It may be possible to explain that preference, but it may not be possible to compare it meaningfully with other preferences. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Varieties of criticism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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