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Veillonella
''Veillonella'' are Gram-negative anaerobic cocci. This bacterium is well known for its lactate fermenting abilities. They are a normal bacterium in the intestines and oral mucosa of mammals. In humans they have been rarely implicated in cases of osteomyelitis and endocarditis, for example with the species ''Veillonella parvula''. ==Fermentation== Fermentation of lactate to propionate and acetate is by the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway. Little ATP is produced in this fermentation. High substrate affinity is suggested to be the reason. Lactate → acetate + 2 propionate + CO2 + H2O
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