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Veleda was a priestess and prophet of the Germanic tribe of the Bructeri who achieved some prominence during the Batavian rebellion of AD 69–70, headed by the Romanized Batavian chieftain Gaius Julius Civilis, when she correctly predicted the initial successes of the rebels against Roman legions. ==Life== The name may be Celtic and generic title for a prophetess (from Proto-Celtic '' *welet-'' "seer", a derivative of the root '' *wel-'' "to see").〔Delamarre, Xavier, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise, 2nd ed., Errance, 2003, p. 311〕〔Koch, John (ed.), Celtic Culture, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 1728〕 The ancient Germanic peoples discerned a divinity of prophecy in women and regarded prophetesses as true and living goddesses. In the latter half of the 1st century AD Veleda was regarded as a deity by most of the tribes in central Germany and enjoyed wide influence.〔Harry Thurston Peck, ''Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities'', 2nd edition, p. 1640. New York: Cooper Square Publishers, Inc., 1965. Originally published in this form in 1897.〕 She lived in a tower near the Lippe River, a tributary of the Rhine.〔Sir James George Frazer, ''The Golden Bough. A Study in Magic and Religion'', One-volume abridged edition, p. 97. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1947. Originally published in this form in 1922.〕 The inhabitants of the Roman settlement of Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (now Cologne) accepted her arbitration in a conflict with the Tencteri, an unfederated tribe of Germany (i.e., one outside the boundary of the Roman Empire). In her role as arbitrator, the envoys were not admitted to her presence; an interpreter conveyed their messages to her and reported her pronouncements.〔 The Batavian leader Civilis originally raised his force as an ally of Vespasian during the Roman power struggle in AD 69, but when he saw the weakened condition of the legions in Romanized Germany he openly revolted. It is not clear whether Veleda merely prophesied the rebellion or actively incited it; given the Germans' adoration of her as a goddess, remote in her tower, the distinction may not have been clear at the time. Early in AD 70 the revolt was joined by Julius Classicus and Julius Tutor, leaders of the Treviri who like Civilis were Roman citizens. The Roman garrison at Novaesium (now Neuss) surrendered without a fight, as did the one at Castra Vetera (near modern Xanten in Niederrhein, Germany).〔Michael Grant, ''The Army of the Caesars'', pp. 207-208. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974. ISBN 0-684-13821-2〕 The commander of the Roman garrison, Munius Lupercus, was sent to Veleda, though he was killed en route, evidently in an ambush. Later, when the praetorian trireme was captured, it was rowed upriver on the Lippe as a gift to Veleda. A strong show of force by nine Roman legions under Gaius Licinius Mucianus caused the rebellion to collapse. Civilis was cornered on his home island of Batavia on the lower Rhine by a force commanded by Quintus Petillius Cerialis; his fate is unknown, but in general Cerialis treated the rebels with surprising lenience, so as to reconcile them to Roman rule and military service.〔 In Veleda's case, she was left at liberty for several years. In AD 77 the Romans either captured her, perhaps as a hostage, or offered her asylum. According to Statius, her captor was Rutilius Gallicus.〔Statius, ''Silvae'' 1.4, line 90; J.G.W. Henderson, ''A Roman Life: Rutilius Gallicus On Paper and In Stone''. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press, 1998.〕 A Greek epigram has been found at Ardea, a few kilometres south of Rome, that satirizes her prophetic powers.〔''Année Épigraphique'' 1953, 25.〕 Veleda may have acted in the interest of Rome by negotiating the acceptance of a pro-Roman king by the Bructeri in AD 83 or 84.〔 She was evidently long since deceased by the time Tacitus wrote his ''Germania'' in AD 98.〔Tacitus, ''Germany'', 8.2. Translation with Commentary by Herbert W. Benario. Warminster, UK: Aris & Phillips Ltd., 1999. ISBN 0-85668-716-2〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Veleda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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