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Velizh
Velizh ((ロシア語:Ве́лиж); (ベラルーシ語:Веліж); (ポーランド語:Wieliż); (リトアニア語:Veližas)) is a town and the administrative center of Velizhsky District in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Western Dvina, from Smolensk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:
==History==
In the late 14th century, it used to be a border fortress of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Muscovy recaptured it in 1536, but it was restored to Lithuania in the 1582 Truce of Yam-Zapolsky. The town was returned to Russia under the terms of the First Partition of Poland. The houses of Nikolay Przhevalsky and Alexander Rodzyanko in the proximity to Velizh are open to the public as museums.
In April 1823, Velizh was the site of a famous blood libel incident, in which local Jews were wrongly accused of the murder of Christian boy who was found dead in a field. Based on the testimony of a drunk prostitute, over forty Jews were arrested and in 1826 the synagogues were closed. Some of the accused were not released until 1835.〔Jewish Virtual Library. (Entry on Velizh )〕
Much of the town was destroyed during World War II. During the war, Velizh was occupied by the German Army from July 14, 1941 to September 20, 1943. In September 1942, German occupation forces murdered all but 17 of the town's 1,440 Jewish residents.〔Jewish Telegraphic Agency. "Only Seventeen Jews Escape Massacre by Nazis in Russian Town of Velizh". September 9, 1942.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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