|
Venad (Malayalam: ''Vēnāṭu'') or the Kingdom of Quilon was one of the three prominent late medieval Hindu feudal kingdoms on the Malabar Coast, South India, along with Kingdom of Calicut and Kolathunadu. The rulers of Quilon, the ''Venattadi Kulasekhara''s, traces their relations back to the Ay kingdom and the Later Cheras. The last Chera ruler, Rama Varma Kulashekhara, was the first ruler of an independent state of Quilon. In the early 14th century, King Ravi Varma established a short-lived supremacy over South India. After his death, Quilon only included most of modern-day Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram districts of Kerala and Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu. Marco Polo claimed to have visited his capital at Quilon, a centre of commerce and trade with China and the Levant. Europeans were attracted to the region during the late fifteenth century, primarily in pursuit of the then rare commodity, black pepper. Quilon was the forerunner to Travancore. A new calendar was established by Quilon rulers, the Kollam era. The calendar started in 825 with the renovation of the family temple Thirupalkadal Sreekrishnaswamy Temple.〔Keralam anjum arum noottandukalili, Prof. Ilamkulam Kunjan Pillai〕 == Etymology == The name ''Venad'' is believed to derived from ''Ay vel'' (''Ay''=shepherd, ''Vel''=king), referring to the ancient rulers of ''Velnad''. Sangam literature mentions three sets of seven ''Vallals'' (philanthropists). Out of the last set (the Kadaiyezhu Vallals, circa 100 AD), three lived in present-day Kollam and one in the Trivandrum area. Sangam literature also mentions the murder of Pari, ruler of Quilon. Kapila, a poet friend of Pari, married the slain Ay vel's daughters of to the Thirukovilur (Kollam) prince and built a temple for Pari at ''Parippalli''. The places ''Ayur'' (Ay), ''Oyur'' (Oy) and Kariavattam (Kari) were also named after Ay vels. The earliest use of the term "Venad" is found in the Tharisapalli plates of 849 AD, which gifted lands to the Assyrian Metropolitan, Mar Sabor, by Venad king, ''Iyenadikal Thiruvadikal''. There are also many manuscripts which support the conclusion that the land was ruled by ''Vel''s. Another theory regarding the origination of the name is that, in ancient Tamil, ''Vezham'' meant "elephant", so ''Vezha Nadu'' meant "Elephant country". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Venad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|