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Mount Vesuvius (; (イタリア語:Monte Vesuvio) (:ˈmonte veˈzuːvjo), (ラテン語:Mons Vesuvius) (:mõːs wɛˈsʊwɪ.ʊs)) is a stratovolcano in the Gulf of Naples, Italy, about east of Naples and a short distance from the shore. It is one of several volcanoes which form the Campanian volcanic arc. Vesuvius consists of a large cone partially encircled by the steep rim of a summit caldera caused by the collapse of an earlier and originally much higher structure. Mount Vesuvius is best known for its eruption in AD 79 that led to the burying and destruction of the Roman cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum and several other settlements. That eruption ejected a cloud of stones, ash and fumes to a height of , spewing molten rock and pulverized pumice at the rate of 1.5 million tons per second, ultimately releasing a hundred thousand times the thermal energy released by the Hiroshima bombing.〔 An estimated 16,000 people died due to hydrothermal pyroclastic flows.〔 The only surviving eyewitness account of the event consists of two letters by Pliny the Younger to the historian Tacitus.〔 Vesuvius has erupted many times since and is the only volcano on the European mainland to have erupted within the last hundred years. Today, it is regarded as one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world because of the population of 3,000,000 people living nearby and its tendency towards explosive (Plinian) eruptions. It is the most densely populated volcanic region in the world. ==Mythology== Vesuvius has a long historic and literary tradition. It was considered a divinity of the Genius type at the time of the eruption of 79 AD: it appears under the inscribed name Vesuvius as a serpent in the decorative frescos of many ''lararia'', or household shrines, surviving from Pompeii. An inscription from Capua〔CIL x.1, 3806.〕 to IOVI VESVVIO indicates that he was worshipped as a power of Jupiter; that is, ''Jupiter Vesuvius''. The historian Diodorus Siculus relates a tradition that Hercules, in the performance of his labors, passed through the country of nearby Cumae on his way to Sicily and found there a place called "the Phlegraean Plain" (''phlegraion pedion'', "plain of fire"), "from a hill which anciently vomited out fire ... now called Vesuvius."〔Book IV, Chapter 21.〕 It was inhabited by bandits, "the sons of the Earth," who were giants. With the assistance of the gods he pacified the region and went on. The facts behind the tradition, if any, remain unknown, as does whether Herculaneum was named after it. An epigram by the poet Martial in 88 AD suggests that both Venus, patroness of Pompeii, and Hercules were worshipped in the region devastated by the eruption of 79.〔 re Epigram IV line 44.〕 Mount Vesuvius was regarded by the Romans as being devoted to the hero and demigod Hercules. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mount Vesuvius」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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