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|official_languages = Vietnamese |religion = |ethnic_groups = | }} |languages_type = Official scripts |languages = Vietnamese |demonym = Vietnamese |capital = Hanoi |latd=21 |latm=2 |latNS=N |longd=105 |longm=51 |longEW=E |largest_city = Ho Chi Minh City |government_type = Socialist single-party state |legislature = National Assembly |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = Prime Minister |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = Chairman of National Assembly |leader_name3 = |sovereignty_type = Formation |established_event1 = Viet Minh declare independence from France |established_date1 = 2 September 1945 |established_event2 = Fall of Saigon |established_date2 = 30 April 1975 |established_event3 = Reunification |established_date3 = 2 July 1976 |established_event4 = Current constitution |established_date4 = 28 November 2013 |area_rank = 65th |area_km2 = 332,698 |area_sq_mi = 128,565 |percent_water = 6.4〔("Vietnam – Geography" ). Index Mundi. 12 July 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2011.〕 |population_estimate = 90,630,000〔 |population_estimate_rank = 13th |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_rank = 46th |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP = $547.934 billion |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $5,983〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $204.539 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $2,233〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = 2012 |Gini_change = |Gini = 38.7 |Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index (estimate) )〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.638 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 121st |currency = (₫) |currency_code = VND |time_zone = Indochina Time |utc_offset = +07:00 |time_zone_DST = No DST |utc_offset_DST = +7 |calling_code = +84 |drives_on = right |cctld = .vn }} Vietnam (; (ベトナム語:Việt Nam) ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV; ()), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 90.5 million inhabitants as of 2014, it is the world's 13th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. The name Vietnam translates as "Southern Viet" (synonymous with the much older term Nam Viet); it was first officially adopted in 1802 by Emperor Gia Long, and was adopted again in 1945 with the founding of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh. The country is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and Malaysia across the South China Sea to the southeast. Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976. Vietnam was part of Imperial China for over a millennium, from 111 BC to AD 939. The Vietnamese became independent in 939, following the Vietnamese victory in the Battle of Bạch Đằng River. Successive Vietnamese royal dynasties flourished as the nation expanded geographically and politically into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. Following a Japanese occupation in the 1940s, the Vietnamese fought French rule in the First Indochina War, eventually expelling the French in 1954. Thereafter, Vietnam was divided politically into two rival states, North and South Vietnam. Conflict between the two sides intensified, with heavy intervention from the United States, in what is known as the Vietnam War. The war ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975. Vietnam was then unified under a communist government but remained impoverished and politically isolated. In 1986, the government initiated a series of economic and political reforms which began Vietnam's path towards integration into the world economy. By 2000, it had established diplomatic relations with all nations. Since 2000, Vietnam's economic growth rate has been among the highest in the world,〔 and, in 2011, it had the highest Global Growth Generators Index among 11 major economies. Its successful economic reforms resulted in its joining the World Trade Organization in 2007. ==Etymology== (詳細はNam Việt'' (; literally ''Southern Việt''), a name that can be traced back to the Triệu Dynasty of the 2nd century BC. The word ''Việt'' originated as a shortened form of Bách Việt (), a word applied to a group of peoples then living in southern China and Vietnam. The form "Vietnam" () is first recorded in the 16th-century oracular poem ''Sấm Trạng Trình''. The name has also been found on 12 steles carved in the 16th and 17th centuries, including one at Bao Lam Pagoda in Haiphong that dates to 1558.〔Thành Lân (14 March 2003). ("Ai đặt quốc hiệu Việt Nam đầu tiên?" ) (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Embassy in the United States. Retrieved 29 January 2013.〕 Between 1804 and 1813, the name was used officially by Emperor Gia Long. It was revived in the early 20th century by Phan Bội Châu's ''History of the Loss of Vietnam'', and later by the Vietnamese Nationalist Party. The country was usually called Annam until 1945, when both the imperial government in Huế and the Viet Minh government in Hanoi adopted ''Việt Nam''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vietnam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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