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The Sarasvati River (Sanskrit: ') is one of the main Rigvedic rivers mentioned in the Rig Veda and later Vedic and post-Vedic texts. It plays an important role in Hinduism, since Vedic Sanskrit and the first part of the Rig Veda are regarded to have originated when the Vedic people lived on its banks, 2nd millennium BCE . The goddess Sarasvati was originally a personification of this river, but later developed an independent identity. The Nadistuti hymn in the Rigveda (10.75) mentions the Sarasvati between the Yamuna in the east and the Sutlej in the west, and later Vedic texts like Tandya and Jaiminiya Brahmanas as well as the Mahabharata mention that the Sarasvati dried up in a desert. The work on delineation of entire course of Sarasvati River in North West India was carried out using Indian Remote Sensing Satellite data along with digital elevation model. The palaeochannels are validated using historical maps, archaeological sites, hydro-geological and drilling data. It was observed that major Indus Valley Civilization sites of Kalibangan (Rajasthan), Banawali and Rakhigarhi (Haryana), Dholavira and Lothal (Gujarat) lie along the River Sarasvati.〔http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/psearch/QResult15.aspx?qref=138704 | " The work on delineation of entire course of Sarasvati River in North West India was carried out using Indian Remote Sensing Satellite data along with digital elevation model. Satellite images are multi-spectral, multi-temporal and have advantages of synoptic view, which are useful to detect palaeochannels. The palaeochannels are validated using historical maps, archaeological sites, hydro- geological and drilling data. It was observed that major Harappan sites of Kalibangan (Rajasthan), Banawali and Rakhigarhi (Haryana), Dholavira and Lothal (Gujarat) lie along the River Saraswati ."- Ministry of Space, Government of India.〕〔http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/oct25/articles20.htm | A.V.Shankaran.:"Saraswati – The ancient river lost in the desert."〕 Many scholars have identified the Vedic Sarasvati River with the Ghaggar-Hakra River, which flows in northwestern India and Pakistan. This was proposed by several scholars in the 19th and early 20th century. Satellite images in possession of the ISRO and ONGC have confirmed that the major course of a river ran through the present day Ghaggar River.〔Vedic River Sarasvati and Hindu Civilization,Edited by S.Kalyanaraman (2008), ISBN 978-81-7305-365-8 PP.308〕 Another theory suggests that the Helmand River of southern Afghanistan corresponds to the Sarasvati River,〔Kochhar, Rajesh, 'On the identity and chronology of the Ṛgvedic river Sarasvatī' in Archaeology and Language III; Artefacts, languages and texts, Routledge (1999), ISBN 0-415-10054-2.〕 while other scholars have argued that the Sarasvati was a mythical river, signifying the Milky Way. For centuries, Sarasvati is regarded to exist as "subtle or mythic" and said to form a confluence with the physical sacred rivers Ganges and Yamuna at the Triveni Sangam, in an invisible form.〔 ==Etymology== ' is the devi feminine of an adjective ' (which occurs in the Rigveda〔e.g. 7.96.4, 10.66.5〕 as the name of the keeper of the celestial waters), derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian *' (and earlier, PIE '), meaning ‘marshy, full of pools’, or ‘she with many lakes’. The other term ' is the Sanskrit grammatical feminine possessor suffix. Sanskrit ' means ‘pool, pond or lake’; the feminine ' means ‘stagnant pool, swamp’.〔e.g. RV 7.103.2b〕 Like its cognates Welsh ''hêl, heledd'' ‘river meadow’ and Greek (''hélos'') ‘swamp’, the Rigvedic term refers mostly to stagnant waters, and Mayrhofer considers unlikely a connection with the root *' ‘run, flow’.〔Mayrhofer, ''EWAia'', s.v.; the root is otherwise often connected with rivers (also in river names, such as Sarayu or Susartu); the suggestion has been revived in the connection of an "out of India" argument, ( N. Kazanas, "Rig-Veda is pre-Harappan" ), p. 9.〕 ' is an exact cognate with Avestan ''Haraxvatī'', perhaps〔by Lommel (1927); Lommel, Herman (1927), ''Die Yašts des Awesta'', Göttingen-Leipzig: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht/JC Hinrichs〕 originally referring to Arədvī Sūrā Anāhitā (modern ''Ardwisur Anahid''), the Zoroastrian mythological world river, which would point to a common Indo-Iranian myth of a cosmic or mystical ' river. In the younger Avesta, ''Haraxvatī'' is Arachosia, a region described to be rich in rivers, and its Old Persian cognate ''Harauvati'', which gave its name to the present-day Hārūt River in Afghanistan, may have referred to the entire Helmand drainage basin (the center of Arachosia). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sarasvati River」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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