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Vkhutemas ((ロシア語:Вхутемас), acronym for ' ''Vysshiye Khudozhestvenno-Tekhnicheskiye Masterskiye'' (Higher Art and Technical Studios)) was the Russian state art and technical school founded in 1920 in Moscow, replacing the Moscow Svomas. The workshops were established by a decree from Vladimir Lenin〔 with the intentions, in the words of the Soviet government, "to prepare master artists of the highest qualifications for industry, and builders and managers for professional-technical education."〔 Great Soviet Encyclopedia, (''Вхутемас'' )〕〔 ''"подготовить художников-мастеров высшей квалификации для промышленности, а также конструкторов и руководителей для профессионально-технического образования"'' – Собрание узаконений и распоряжений Рабочего и Крестьянского Правительства, 1920, 19 декабря, № 98, ст. 522, с. 540 – Great Soviet Encyclopedia, (''Вхутемас'' )〕 The school had 100 faculty members〔Sybil Gordon Kantor, ''Alfred H. Barr, Jr., and the Intellectual Origins of the Museum of Modern Art'', MIT Press, 2002, ISBN 0-262-61196-1〕 and an enrollment of 2,500 students.〔 Vkhutemas was formed by a merger of two previous schools: the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture and the Stroganov School of Applied Arts.〔George Heard Hamilton, ''Painting and Sculpture in Europe, 1880–1940'', Yale University Press, 1993, page 315, ISBN 0-300-05649-4〕 The workshops had artistic and industrial faculties; the art faculty taught courses in graphics, sculpture and architecture while the industrial faculty taught courses in printing, textiles, ceramics, woodworking, and metalworking.〔 T. V. Kotovich, ''Encyclopedia of the Russian Avantgarde'', Minsk: Ekonompress, 2003, page 83.〕 It was a center for three major movements in avant garde art and architecture: constructivism, rationalism, and suprematism. In the workshops, the faculty and students transformed attitudes to art and reality with the use of precise geometry with an emphasis on space, in one of the great revolutions in the history of art.〔 D. Shvedkovsky, (''Пространство ВХУТЕМАСа'' ), Современный Дом, 2002.〕 In 1926, the school was reorganized under a new rector and its name was changed from "Studios" to "Institute" (''Вхутеин, Высший художественно-технический институт'', ''Vkhutein, Vysshiye Khudozhestvenno-Tekhnicheskii Institut''), or Vkhutein. It was dissolved in 1930, following political and internal pressures throughout its ten-year existence. The school's faculty, students, and legacy were dispersed into as many as six other schools.〔 КАК проект, (ШКОЛА МОДЕРНИЗМА ) accessed 2 August 2007.〕 == Basic course == A preliminary basic course was an important part of the new teaching method that was developed at Vkhutemas, and was made compulsory for all students, regardless of their future specialization. This was based on a combination of scientific and artistic disciplines. During the basic course, students had to learn the language of plastic forms, and chromatics. Drawing was considered a foundation of the plastic arts, and students investigated relationships between color and form, and the principles of spatial composition.〔 Akin to the Bauhaus's basic course, which all first-year students were required to attend, it gave a more abstract foundation to the technical work in the studios. In the early 1920s this basic course consisted of the following: # the maximal influence of color (given by Lyubov Popova), # form through color (Alexander Osmerkin), # color in space (Aleksandra Ekster) # color on the plane (Ivan Kliun), # construction (Alexander Rodchenko), # simultaneity of form and color (Aleksandr Drevin), # volume in space (Nadezhda Udaltsova), # history of the Western arts (Amshey Nurenberg) and # tutelage by Wladimir Baranoff-Rossine.〔Alexander Rodchenko, ''Experiments for the Future'', Museum of Modern Art, 2005, Page 273, ISBN 0-87070-546-6〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vkhutemas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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