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Voina ( "War") is a Russian street-art group known for their provocative and politically charged works of performance art. The group has had more than sixty members, including former and current students of the Rodchenko Moscow School of Photography, Moscow State University, and University of Tartu. However, the group does not cooperate with state or private institutions, and is not supported by any Russian curators or gallerists. The activities of Voina have ranged from street protest, symbolic pranks in public places, and performance-art happenings, to vandalism and destruction of public property. More than a dozen criminal cases have been brought against the group. On 7 April 2011 the group was awarded the "Innovation" prize in the category "Work of Visual Art", established by the Russian Ministry of Culture. ==Origins== Oleg Vorotnikov, a philosophy graduate from Moscow State University (MSU), is generally considered to be the founder of Voina.〔 Activist Anton Kotenev goes so far as to say that "Voina ''is'' Vorotnikov". In 2005, Vorotnikov and Natalia Sokol, then a physics student at MSU, created the art group "Sokoleg", which focused mainly on large-scale photography. In the spring of 2006, they met with Anton Nikolaev, leader of the art group "Bombily", with whom they began to collaborate. (''Bombila'' is Russian slang for an unlicensed taxi driver, usually of Caucasian origin, who drives a "bomb"). The combined group was based at the studio of performance artist Oleg Kulik. In early 2007, the more radical and politically minded members of the project created Voina, led by Vorotnikov, also known as ''Vor'' ("Thief"), and his wife Natalia Sokol, also known as ''Kozol'', ''Koza'' or ''Kozlyonok'' ("Little She-Goat"). It was founded on a radical left agenda "because the left spectrum is generally absent in Russian art". Other key members include Leonid Nikolayev (''Lyonya Yobnuty'', "Crazy Lenya" or "Leo the Fucknut") and Alexei Plutser-Sarno (''Plut'', "Crook"), chief author of the group's media art and texts. The collective had no income, philosophically rejected salaried employment and the use of money. Its members lived a DIY scavenging ethic and putatively "made the lifting of food and drink from supermarkets ...a form of art." Pyotr Verzilov and his wife Nadezhda Tolokonnikova were members of Voina since its early stages, and lived with the group as squatters in an automobile garage. However, they split from the original group in acrimonious circumstances in late 2009, forming their own group. Tolokonnikova was later jailed for her role in the Pussy Riot "punk prayer" at Moscow's Cathedral of Christ the Saviour.〔 In late February 2011, activists Oleg Vorotnikov and Leonid Nikolayev were released on bail after four months in Moscow police custody, in connection with an anti-corruption protest. They faced up to seven years of prison. In response to the detention, graffiti artist Banksy helped to raise money for the artists.〔 They have also been denounced by right-wing groups such as the "People's Synod".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Voina」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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