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Voltumna
In Etruscan mythology, Voltumna or Veltha〔(Pallottino, "The Religion of the Etruscans" )〕 was the chthonic (relating to or inhabiting the underworld)〔 Oxford Dictionary of English 〕 deity, who became〔"A typical example of the process of the individualization and the transformation of a local earth spirit, pertaining to a territory of southern Etruria, into a superior divinity." (Pallottino).〕 the supreme god of the Etruscan pantheon, the ''deus Etruriae princeps'', according to Varro.〔Varro, ''De lingua Latina'' V.46.〕 Voltumna's cult was centered in Volsini (modern-day Orvieto) a polis of the Etruscan Civilization of northwest Italy.
The bond of the twelve Etruscan ''populi'' was renewed annually at the sacred grove of Fanum Voltumnae, the sanctuary of Voltumnus sited near Volsinii (present day Bolsena), which was mentioned by Livy.〔Livy, iv 23, 25 and 61; v 17, vi 2.〕 At the Fanum Voltumnae ''ludi'' were held, the precise nature of which, whether athletic or artistic, is unknown.
In the Roman Forum, near the Temple of Castor and Pollux stood a shrine dedicated to Voltumna in the Vicus Tuscus.〔A. Alföldi, "Die Etrusker in Latium und Rom", ''Gymnasium'' 70 (1963), p 204.〕
He was the equivalent of the Roman Vertumnus.
==Notes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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