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Vulgarism
In the study of language and literary style, a vulgarism is an expression or usage considered non-standard or characteristic of uneducated speech or writing. In colloquial or lexical English, "vulgarism" or "vulgarity" may be synonymous with profanity or obscenity, but a linguistic or literary vulgarism encompasses a broader category of perceived fault not confined to scatological or sexual offensiveness. These faults may include errors of pronunciation, misspellings, word malformations,〔Johannes Tromp, ''The Assumption of Moses: A Critical Edition with Commentary'', ''Studia in Veteris Testamenti Pseudepigrapha'' (Brill, 1993), pp. 27, 39–40, 243.〕 and malapropisms. "Vulgarity" is generally used in the more restricted sense.
==Classicism==
The English word "vulgarism" derives ultimately from Latin ''vulgus,'' "the common people", often as a pejorative meaning "the () masses, undifferentiated herd, a mob". In classical studies, Vulgar Latin as the Latin of everyday life is conventionally contrasted to Classical Latin, the literary language exemplified by the "Golden Age" canon (Cicero, Caesar, Vergil, Ovid, among others).〔J. N. Adams, ''Bilingualism and the Latin Language'', pp. 300–301, 765, ''et passim''〕〔''Social Variation and the Latin Language'' (Cambridge University Press, 2013), pp. 3–5.〕 This distinction was always an untenable mode of literary criticism, unduly problematizing, for instance, the so-called "Silver Age" novelist Petronius, whose complex and sophisticated prose style in the ''Satyricon'' is replete with conversational vulgarisms.〔Andrew Laird, ''Powers of Expression, Expressions of Power: Speech Presentation and Latin Literature'' (Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 250.〕
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