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Vétra (or Vetra), or more formally the Société des Véhicules et Tracteurs Electriques,〔Dölling, Gerhard (1993). ''Straßenbahnatlas Schweiz 1993'', p. 12. Berlin: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Straßenbahn e.V. ISBN 3-926524-13-8.〕 〔(The Trolleybuses of Santiago, Chile, Part A ) (detailed history, 1940 and 1947–1978). Allen Morrison. 2006. Retrieved January 24, 2012.〕 was a French manufacturer of trolleybuses and electric locomotives.〔(VETRA page at rail.lu )〕 Founded in 1925, it became one of Western Europe's largest builders of trolleybuses during the middle decades of the 20th century, making in excess of 1,750 vehicles, for cities in France and in several other countries. The company ceased production in 1964.〔Murray (2000), pp. 100 and 103.〕 ==History== Vétra was founded in 1925 and was based in Paris. After initially experimenting with production of accumulator railcars, the company made its first trolleybus in 1927. The first Vétra trolleybuses were two vehicles, model MV, supplied to the Aubagne–Cuges trolleybus system,〔 which was located just east of Marseille and began operation on 22 September 1927.〔Murray, p. 65.〕 In the decades that followed, Vétra had a near-monopoly on French trolleybus production. Trolleybus systems operating in France also bought their fleets nearly exclusively from Vétra. From the 1930s through the 1950s, the "overwhelming majority"〔Murray, p. 23.〕 of trolleybuses in use on French systems were built by Vétra. On a smaller scale, the company also sold trolleybuses to systems located in other countries.〔 The traction motors and other electrical equipment in Vétra trolleybuses were supplied by Alsthom (now called Alstom) in all or nearly all cases,〔 while many mechanical parts, often including chassis, came from Berliet. The vehicle bodies were fabricated by various different companies,〔 Berliet included.〔 In its 38 years of trolleybus production, the company made no less than 31 different models.〔 Some were only small variations on another model. For example, the VBRh was basically the same as the VBR except was 2.9 m tall instead of 2.7 m, and the h suffix in the model number stood for "haute" (high).〔Buisson, Christian (March–April 1988). "The Paris Trolleybuses: Part 2". ''Trolleybus Magazine'' No. 158, pp. 32–42. National Trolleybus Association (UK). .〕 Models produced included both two-axle and three-axle rigid vehicles, with large numbers of each. In its history, Vétra only built one articulated trolleybus.〔 This was a prototype for Algiers, Algeria. Built in 1950/51, it was designated model VA4.SR and had four axles, three in the front section and one in the trailing section. It was tested on the Paris trolleybus system in January 1951.〔 This prototype was unsuccessful, and it was eventually rebuilt into a three-axle rigid vehicle.〔Murray, p. 90.〕 Vétra also made some freight vehicles for a non-passenger trolleytruck line between Villey-Saint-Étienne and Varangéville, France.〔 It also built small electric locomotives for use on mine railways. In 1961 Pegaso, the Spanish truck and bus maker, reached an agreement with Vetra to launch to the Spanish market a Pegaso trolleybus, called model 8010, based on Vetra technology. The operation, however, was a failure, due to the contemporary import to Spain of several tenths of ex-London Transport BUT units; and only one Pegaso 8010, with a Seida body, was ever built. By the early 1960s, several French trolleybus systems had closed, and most of those that remained were destined to close within a few years, so were not purchasing new trolleybuses. Facing a steep decline in orders, Vétra filed for bankruptcy. Production ended in 1964,〔 with the completion of an order for two VBH85 trolleybuses for Fribourg, Switzerland. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vétra」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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