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((サンスクリット:वृद्धि), ) is a Sanskrit word meaning 'growth'〔in Sanskrit, a -nomen actionis formed from the verbal root '' '' 'to grow'〕 (from 〔('' *werdʰ-'' 'to grow' ) entry at Indo-European etymological database of (''The Tower of Babel'' project )〕). In Pāṇini's Sanskrit grammar, it is a technical term for long vowels produced by ablaut (vowel gradation), as for example in: * 'carried' ("base form", nowadays called ''zero grade'') * 'burden' (guṇa, full grade) * 'to be carried' (vṛddhi, lengthened grade) In modern Indo-European linguistics it is used in Pāṇini's sense, but not restricted to Sanskrit but applicable to the Indo-European languages in general as well as to the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) language from which this feature was probably inherited: * 〔The asterisk * indicates that this form is not directly attested, but has been reconstructed on the basis of other linguistic material.〕 (zero grade of the reconstructed verb meaning 'to carry') * (full grade) * (vṛddhi, lengthened grade) ==Vṛddhi-derivations== A vṛddhi-derivation or vṛddhi-derivative is a word that is derived by such lengthening, a type of formation very common in Sanskrit, but also attested in other languages. Such derivatives signify "of, belonging to, descended from". An example: * PIE 'father-in-law' (Vedic Sanskrit ) → 'relating to one's father-in-law' (Vedic 'relating to one's father-in-law', Old High German ''swāgur'' 'brother-in-law') Derivatives that are formed by inserting a full grade (as opposed to a lengthened grade) vowel into the "wrong" position of a zero grade are also called vṛddhi-derivations:〔 * PIE , zero grade of 'sky' → 'god' (Vedic , Latin ''deus'', etc.) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vṛddhi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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