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WEPP
The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Model is a physically based erosion simulation model built on the fundamentals of hydrology, plant science, hydraulics, and erosion mechanics.〔Laflen, J.M., L.J. Lane, and G.R. Foster. 1991. WEPP—a next generation of erosion prediction technology. ''Journal of Soil Water Conservation'' 46(1): 34–38.〕〔Laflen, J.M., W.J. Elliot, D.C. Flanagan, C.R. Meyer, and M.A. Nearing. 1997. WEPP predicting water erosion using a process-based model. ''Journal of Soil Water Conservation'' 52(2): 96–102.〕 The model was developed by an interagency team of scientists to replace the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and has been widely used in the United States and the world.〔Flanagan, D.C., J.E. Gilley and T.G. Franti. 2007. Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP): development history, model capabilities, and future enhancements. ''Transactions of the ASABE'' 50(5):1603-1612.〕 WEPP requires four inputs, i.e., climate, topography, soil, and management (vegetation); and provides various types of outputs, including water balance (surface runoff, subsurface flow, and evapotranspiration), soil detachment and deposition at points along the slope, sediment delivery, and vegetation growth. The WEPP model has been improved continuously since its public delivery in 1995, and is applicable for a variety of areas (e.g., cropland, rangeland management, forestry, fisheries, and surface coal mining).
== Capability and strength ==
WEPP is applicable for a wide range of geographic and land-use and management conditions, and capable of predicting spatial and temporal distributions of soil detachment and deposition on an event or continuous basis at both small (hillslopes, roads, small parcels) and large (watershed) scales.〔Flanagan, D.C., and M.A. Nearing (eds.). 1995. ''USDA-Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Hillslope Profile and Watershed Model Documentation''. NSERL Report No. 10, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, West Lafayette, Indiana.〕〔Flanagan, D.C., and S.J. Livingston, (eds.) 1995. ''WEPP User Summary''. NSERL Rep. No. 11. West Lafayette, IN: USDA ARS NSERL.〕〔Flanagan, D.C., J.C. Ascough II, M.A. Nearing and J.M. Laflen. 2001. Chapter 7: The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Model. In (R.S. Harmon and W.W. Doe III, eds.): ''Landscape Erosion and Evolution Modeling''. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, NY. 145-199〕 Hillslope applications of the model can simulate a single profile having various distributions of soil, vegetation, and plant/management conditions. In WEPP watershed applications, multiple hillslopes, channels, and impoundments can be linked together, and runoff and sediment yield from the entire catchment predicted. The model has been parameterized for a large number of soils across the U.S. and model performance has been assessed under a wide variety of land-use and management conditions. In addition, WEPP can generate long-term daily climatic data with CLIGEN, an auxiliary stochastic climate generator.〔Nicks, A.D., L.J. Lane, and G.A. Gander. 1995. Weather generator. In: Flanagan, D.C. and M.A. Nearing (eds.), ''USDA-Water Erosion Prediction Project Hillslope Profile and Watershed Model Documentation''. NSERL Rep. 10. West Lafayette, IN: USDA ARS NSERL.〕 The CLIGEN database contains weather statistics from more than 2,600 weather stations in the United States. The WEPP climate database is supplemented by the (PRISM database ),〔Daly, C. 2009. PRISM Group. Available at: http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu/.〕 which further refines the climatic data based on longitude, latitude, and elevation. WEPP can provide daily runoff, subsurface flow, and sediment output categorized into five particle-size classes: primary clay, primary silt, small aggregates, large aggregates, and primary sand, allowing calculation of selective sediment transport, and enrichment of the fine sediment sizes.
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