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World Wide Association of Specialty Programs and Schools
The World Wide Association Of Specialty Programs and Schools (WWASPS or WWASP) is an organization based in Utah, in the United States. WWASPS was founded by Robert Lichfield and was incorporated in 1998. WWASPS states that it is an umbrella organization of independent institutions for education and treatment of troubled teenagers, all operating in accordance with WWASP guidelines. Many outside observers believe, however, that the WWASPS-affiliated institutions are actually owned (through limited partnerships, many of which have used the same street address) by WWASPS or its principal officials or their close relatives.〔See (Investigation shows troubled school may be buying interest with lawmakers ) (Associated Press, September 20, 2004), (Utah-based school owner banned ) (''Deseret News'', July 6, 2003), and (Former student alleges months of abuse ) (John Sullivan, ''Columbia Daily Tribune'', April 15, 2005.)〕〔〔Maia Szalavitz, (The Trouble with Troubled Teen Programs ), ''Reason'', January 2007〕 WWASPS is connected to several affiliated for-profit companies. These include Teen Help LLC, the marketing arm of WWASPS and the entity that processes admissions paperwork; Teen Escort Service, a teen escort company that transports teenagers to WWASPS facilities; R&B Billing, which does tuition billing and payment processing;〔John-Thor Dahlburg, (Key to His Schools' Success? It's God, Founder Says ), ''Los Angeles Times'', July 13, 2003〕 and Premier Educational Systems, LLC (also called Premier Educational Seminars), which conducts orientation and training workshops for parents whose children are in WWASPS facilities.〔See http://www.premier-ed.com/〕 WWASPS claims to have helped over 10,000 students with issues related to personal behavior.〔(WWASPS Rebuttal website )〕 Some participants and parents give positive reports of their experiences, but others say that WWASPS programs were abusive.〔 WWASPS has faced widespread allegations of physical and psychological abuse of the teenagers sent into its programs,〔 resulting in a lawsuit filed against the organization in 2006.〔(Troubled Teen Programs - 25 Plaintiffs Join in Lawsuit Against WWASPS, Cross Creek Manor, Robert Lichfield, and Associates – More Expected to Join In ), press release by Coalition Against Institutionalized Child Abuse, Webwire, October 16, 2006〕 WWASPS officials report that the organization is no longer in business, and the facilities originally under it no longer associate with the name, but because of ongoing litigation, it has not been dissolved.〔Kirk Brown, (Abbeville school had role in rise and fall of enterprise for serving troubled teens ), Anderson (South Carolina) ''Independent Mail'', December 17, 2010〕
==Facilities==
WWASPS operates, formerly operated, or is associated with, several facilities in the United States and in other countries. In 2003 there were 2,300 students enrolled in its facilities and programs.〔(Parents Divided Over Jamaica Disciplinary Academy ) by Tim Weiner, ''The New York Times'', June 17, 2003〕 At one time, WWASPS facilities had tuition income of more than $90 million per year.〔
In July 2007 World Wide's president, Ken Kay, told the ''Salt Lake Tribune'' that only two schools remained in the WWASPS network, including Majestic Ranch Academy in Utah, which he said was likely to sever its ties with the organization.〔(Loophole in state law has allowed some in teen-help industry to go unlicensed ), ''The Salt Lake Tribune'', July 16, 2007〕 In a December 2010 newspaper article, Kay was reported to have said that the organization was no longer in business, but because of ongoing litigation, it had not been dissolved.〔
Schools and programs currently or formerly associated with the organization include the following:
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