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William Walcher
William Walcher (or just Walcher, sometimes Walchere or Walker; died 14 May 1080) was the bishop of Durham from 1071,〔Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 241〕 a Lotharingian, the first non-Englishman to hold that see and an appointee of William the Conqueror following the Harrying of the North.〔Williams ''English and the Norman Conquest'' p. 66〕 He was murdered in 1080, which led William to send an army into Northumbria to harry the region again.
==Career==
Walcher was a priest in Lotharingia from Liege and a secular clerk.〔 He was invited by William I to fill the post of Bishop of Durham, and he was consecrated bishop in 1071 and probably enthroned on 3 April 1071.〔Greenway ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces): Durham: Bishops )''〕 During the first part of his term as bishop, he was on friendly terms with Waltheof earl of Northumbria, so much so that Waltheof sat with the clergy when Walcher held synods.〔Barlow ''English Church'' p. 152〕 After Waltheof rebelled and lost his earldom, Walcher was allowed to buy the earldom.〔Douglas ''William the Conqueror'' p. 240〕 Walcher planned to introduce monks into his cathedral chapter, and was remembered as encouraging monasticism in his diocese.〔Barlow ''English Church'' p. 62〕 Particularly, he was known as the patron of Aldwine, who attempted to re-establish monasticism at Whitby.〔 Eventually, the group settled at Durham under Walcher's successor William de St-Calais.〔Douglas ''William the Conqueror'' p. 328〕 The medieval chronicler Symeon of Durham stated that Walcher had begun construction of monastic buildings at Durham as part of his plan to introduce monks into Durham.〔Snape "Documentary Evidence" ''Medieval Art and Architecture at Durham Cathedral'' p. 22〕
One of Walcher's councellors was Ligulf of Lumley, who was connected by birth to the old Northumbrian line and was married to the daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bernicia.〔Sadler ''Battle for Northumbria'' p. 51〕 Ligulf's presence in the bishop's council provided a link with the local aristocracy. There was a Scottish invasion in 1079, which Walcher was unable or unwilling to deal with effectively.〔Barlow ''Feudal Kingdom of England'' p. 94〕 The Scots, under Malcolm III, were able to plunder Northumberland for about three weeks unopposed before returning to Scotland with slaves and booty.〔Kapelle ''Norman Conquest of the North'' p. 139〕 Ligulf was very critical of Walcher's conduct. A feud ensued between Ligulf and two of Walcher's henchmen, his chaplain Leobwin and his kinsman Gilbert. Gilbert attacked Ligulf's hall in the middle of the night and Ligulf and most of his household were killed.〔
The Northumbrians were enraged at the murder of one of their leaders and there was a real threat of rebellion. In order to calm the situation Walcher agreed to travel from Durham and meet Ligulf's kinsmen at Gateshead. He travelled with at least one hundred retainers for safety. At Gateshead, he met Eadulf Rus the leader of the kinsmen and was presented with a petition of wrongs committed. Walcher rejected these and the enraged Northumbrians attacked the Norman party. Walcher and his men sought refuge in a nearby church but the Northumbrians set fire to it. Leobwin died in the blaze and when Walcher, Gilbert and the rest of his party were forced out by the flames they were killed.〔 on 14 May 1080〔 at Gateshead.〔Stafford ''Unification and Conquest'' p. 123〕
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