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Vlachs
The Vlachs ( or ) are several modern Latin peoples descending from the Romanized population in present-day Romania and Moldova, the southern Balkan Peninsula and south and west of the Danube. They were identified during the 11th century (when they were described by George Kedrenos), and their Migration Period is a matter of scholarly speculation.〔Schramm 1997, pp. 336-337.〕 According to one origin theory the Vlachs originated from Latinized Dacians.〔Fine,J.:The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century."Traditionally scholars have seen the Dacians as ancestors of the modern Rumanians and Vlachs ."〕 According to some linguists and scholars, the Eastern Romance languages proves the survival of the Thraco-Romans in the lower Danube basin during the Migration Period〔According to Cornelia Bodea, Ştefan Pascu, Liviu Constantinescu : "''România : Atlas Istorico-geografic''", Academia Română 1996, ISBN 973-27-0500-0, chap. II, "Historical landmarks", p. 50 (english text), the survival of the Thraco-Romans in the low-Danube basin during the Migration period is an obvious fact : Thraco-Romans aren't vanished in the soil & Vlachs aren't appeared after 1000 years by spontaneous generation.〕 and western Balkan populations known as "Vlachs" also have had Romanized Illyrian origins.〔Badlands-Borderland : A History of Southern Albania/Northern Epirus () (Hardcover) by T.J. Winnifruth, ISBN 0-7156-3201-9, 2003, page 44 : "Romanized Illyrians, the ancestors of the modern Vlachs".〕 Nearly all central- and southeastern European nations (Hungary, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia, Macedonia, Albania, Greece and Bulgaria) have native Vlach (or Romanian) minorities; in other countries, the Vlachs have assimilated with the Slavic population.
== Etymology ==
The word "Vlach" is of Germanic in origin, deriving from ''Walha'' ("foreigner" or "stranger") and used by ancient Germanic peoples for their Romance-speaking and (Romanized) Celtic neighbours. ''Walha'' may have derived from the name of a Celtic tribe, known to the Romans as Volcae in the writings of Julius Caesar and to the Greeks as ''Ouólkai'' in texts by Strabo and Ptolemy.〔Ringe, Don. "(Inheritance versus lexical borrowing: a case with decisive sound-change evidence )." ''Language Log,'' January 2009.〕 ''Vlach'' shares its history with European ethnic names including the Welsh and Walloons.〔"The name 'Vlach' or 'Wallach' applied to them by their neighbours is identical with the English ''Wealh'' or ''Welsh'' and means "stranger", but the Vlachs call themselves ''Aromani'', or "Romans" (H.C. Darby, "The face of Europe on the eve of the great discoveries', in ''The New Cambridge Modern Hiostory'', vol. 1, 1957:34).〕
The word passed to the Slavs and from them to other peoples, such as the Hungarians (''oláh'' referring to the Romanians and ''olasz'' referring to the Italians) and Byzantines (''Βλάχοι'', ''Vláhi''"), and was used for all Latin people from the Balkans. In Bosnia Orthodox Christians were called "Vlachs", a synonym of "Serbs". The Polish word for "Italian" (''Włoch'', plural '' Włosi'') has the same origin, as does the Slovenian, vaguely-derogatory ''lach''. The Italian-speaking region south of the South Tyrol, now Trentino in Italy, was known as ''Welschtirol'' in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. "Vlah" is also a derogatory term used in Croatia when referring to inhabitants of Dalmatian hinterland and the Dinarides area, regardless of their religious affiliation, ("Vlaji") and in Bosnia referring to a person of Eastern Orthodox Church ("Vlasi").
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