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Warrington is a town in North West England, historically part of Lancashire but, since 1974, within the ceremonial county of Cheshire. It stands on the banks of the River Mersey, east of Liverpool, and west of Manchester. The population in 2011 was 202,228;〔http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks204ew.xls〕 its population has more than doubled since its designation as a New Town in 1968. The population of the 'built up area' of the town stands at 165,456, ranking 46th out of all urban areas in the UK.〔List of urban areas in the United Kingdom#List of most populous urban areas〕 Warrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey. A new settlement was established by the Saxons. By the Middle Ages, Warrington had emerged as a market town at the lowest bridging point of the river. A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time. Historically in Lancashire, the expansion and urbanisation of Warrington coincided with the Industrial Revolution, particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century. The West Coast Main Line runs north to south through the town, and the Liverpool to Manchester railway (the Cheshire Lines route) west to east. The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough (west to east). The M6, M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town. The modern Borough of Warrington was formed in 1974 with the amalgamation of the former County Borough of Warrington, part of the Golborne Urban District, the Lymm Urban District, part of the Runcorn Rural District, the Warrington Rural District and part of the Whiston Rural District. People from Warrington are known as Warringtonians.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Tribute to famous Warringtonian Joseph Priestley )〕 ==History== Early history Warrington has been a major crossing point on the River Mersey since ancient times and there was a Roman settlement at Wilderspool.〔.Hinchcliffe J & Williams J H, ROMAN WARRINGTON: Excavations at Wilderspool 1966 – 9 & 1976, Brigantia Monograph No 2, Manchester University 1992〕 In medieval times Warrington's importance was as a market town and bridging point of the River Mersey. Local archaeological evidence indicates that there were Bronze Age settlements also. English Civil War Warrington was a fulcrum in the English Civil War. The armies of Oliver Cromwell and the Earl of Derby both stayed near the old town centre (the parish church area). Popular legend has it that Cromwell lodged near the building which survives on Church Street as the Cottage Restaurant. The Marquis of Granby public house bears a plaque stating that the Earl of Derby 'had his quarters near this site'. Dents in the walls of the parish church are rumoured to have been caused by the cannons from the time of the civil war. On 13 August 1651 Warrington was the scene of the last Royalist victory of the civil war when Scots troops under Charles II and David Leslie, Lord Newark, fought Parliamentarians under John Lambert at the Battle of Warrington Bridge. Industrial history The expansion and urbanisation of Warrington largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution, particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century. As Britain became industrialised, Warrington embraced the Industrial Revolution becoming a manufacturing town and a centre of steel (particularly wire), textiles, brewing, tanning and chemical industries. The navigational properties of the River Mersey were improved, canals were built, and the town grew yet more prosperous and popular. When the age of steam came, Warrington naturally welcomed it, both as a means of transport and as a source of power for its mills. Second World War Many people, particularly Americans, remember Warrington best as the location of RAF Station Burtonwood Burtonwood RAF base. During World War II, it served as the largest US Army Air Force airfield outside the United States, and was visited by major American celebrities like Humphrey Bogart and Bob Hope who entertained the GIs. The RAF station continued in use by the USAAF and subsequently USAF as a staging post for men and material until its closure in 1993. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Warrington」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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