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Wassail
Wassail (Old Norse "ves heil", Old English ''was hál'', literally 'be you healthy') is a beverage of hot mulled cider, traditionally drunk as an integral part of wassailing, a Medieval southern English drinking ritual intended to ensure a good cider apple harvest the following year. The name comes from the salute 'Waes Hail', first used as a simple greeting. The later Danish-speaking inhabitants of England seem to have turned "was hail", and the reply "drink hail", into a drinking formula adopted widely by the indigenous population of England.〔http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Holiday06/wassail.cfm〕
==Beverage==
Wassail is a hot, mulled punch often associated with Yuletide drunk from a 'wassailing bowl'. The earliest versions were warmed mead - ale brewed with honey - into which roasted crab apples were dropped and burst to create a drink called 'lambswool' drunk on Lammas day, still known in Shakespeare's time.〔BBC Early Music Show, Here We Come a-Wassailing, broadcast 28 December 2014〕 Later, the drink evolved to become a mulled cider made with sugar, cinnamon, ginger and nutmeg, topped with slices of toast as sops and drunk from a large communal bowl. Modern recipes begin with a base of wine, fruit juice or mulled ale, sometimes with brandy or sherry added, apples or oranges are often added to the mix and some recipes also call for beaten eggs to be tempered into the drink. Great bowls turned from wood, pottery or tin often had many handles for shared drinking and highly decorated lids; antique examples can still be found in traditional pubs. Hence the first stanza of the traditional carol the Gloucestershire Wassail dating back to the Middle Ages
''Wassail! wassail! all over the town,''
''Our toast it is white and our ale it is brown;''
''Our bowl it is made of the white maple tree;''
''With the wassailing bowl, we'll drink unto thee.''
At Carhampton, near Minehead, the Apple Orchard Wassailing is held on the old Twelfth Night (17 January) as a ritual to ask God for a good apple harvest. The villagers form a circle around the largest apple tree, hang pieces of toast soaked in cider in the branches for the robins, who represent the 'good spirits' of the tree. A shotgun is fired overhead to scare away evil spirits and the group sings, the following being the last verse,
''Old Apple tree, old apple tree;''
''We've come to wassail thee;''
''To bear and to bow apples enow;''
''Hats full, caps full, three bushel bags full;''
''Barn floors full and a little heap under the stairs.〔Christian, Roy (1972). ''Old English Customs''. Pub. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-5741-7. P.113.〕''
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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